5.2 SG Flashcards
What are the monomers of lipids
glycerol and fatty acids
What are the monomers of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
What are the monomers of proteins
amino acids
What are the monomers of nucleic acids
nucleotides
What are the polymers of lipids
triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids
What are the polymers of carbohydrates
disaccharides and polysaccharides
What are the polymers of proteins
polypeptide or polypeptides
What are the polymers of nucleic acids
monomers called nucleotides
What are the functions of lipids
an energy reserve, regulate hormones, transmit nerve impulses, cushion vital organs, and transport fat-soluble nutrients
What are the functions of carbohydrates
an energy source, help control blood glucose and insulin metabolism, participate in cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism, and help with fermentation
What are the functions of proteins
acting as enzymes and hormones, maintaining proper fluid and acid-base balance, providing nutrient transport, making antibodies, enabling wound healing and tissue regeneration, and providing energy when carbohydrate and fat intake is inadequate
What are the functions of nucleic acids
carry genetic information which is read in cells to make the RNA and proteins by which living things function
What molecules are found in the monomers of lipids
glycerol and fatty acids
What molecules are found in the monomers of carbohydrates
a monosaccharide with the basic formula of a carbon, two hydrogen and an oxygen molecule
What molecules are found in the monomers of proteins
amino acids
What molecules are found in the monomers of nucleic acids
pentose sugar (5-carbon sugar), phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
Which functional groups are found in the monomers of lipids
ester (both carboxylate and phosphate) and alcohol groups
Which functional groups are found in the monomers of carbohydrates
carbonyl and hydroxyl
Which functional groups are found in the monomers of proteins
amino, carboxyl and R(variant)
Which functional groups are found in the monomers of nucleic acids
alcohol and aldehyde/ketone group
Examples of nucleic acids
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Examples of lipids
butter, ghee, vegetable oil, cheese, cholesterol and other steroids, waxes, phospholipids, and fat-soluble vitamins
Examples of monosaturated fats
Olive, peanut, and canola oils. Avocados. Nuts such as almonds, hazelnuts, and pecans. Seeds such as pumpkin and sesame seeds.
Examples of triglycerides
saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated triglycerides
Examples of fructose
fruits, fruit juices, some vegetables and honey
Examples of waxes
wax of honeybee, cuticular lipids of insects, spermaceti of the sperm whale, skin lipids, uropygial glands of birds
Examples of carbohydrates
bread, beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, cookies, spaghetti, soft drinks, corn
Examples of amino acids
histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine
Examples of phophillids
phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine
Examples of RNA
messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Examples of lactose
butter, cheese, cream, dried milk, milk solids, powdered milk, and whey
Examples of sterol
zymosterol, ergosterol, and cholesterol
Examples of proteins
collagen, keratin, Hemoglobin, insulin, myoglobin, trypsin, tubulin, myosin, Globulin
Examples of fatty acids
fruits, vegetable oils, seeds, nuts, animal fats, and fish oils
Examples of glucose
honey, followed by dried fruits such as dates, apricots, raisins, currants, cranberries, prunes and figs
Examples of DNA
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA
Examples of Maltose
cooked sweet potato, pears and honey
Examples of adenosine triphosphate
???????breathing and maintaining your heartbeat
