4.2 Study Guide

Question 1

If the distance is changed by a factor of x 2 than the attraction will change by a factor of

Answer 1

x 1/4

Question 2

If the difference in charge between two particles is changed by a factor of x2 than the attraction will change by a factor of

Answer 2

x 2

Question 3

If the difference in charge between two particles is changed by a factor of 1/3 than the attraction will change by a factor of

Answer 3

x 1/3

Question 4

If the distance is changed by a factor of x1/3 than the attraction will change by a factor of

Answer 4

x 9

Question 5

Will the attraction for valence electrons be higher for lithium or oxygen? Why?

Answer 5

Oxygen, there are more protons in the nucleus

Question 6

Will the attraction for valence electrons be higher for lithium or potassium? Why?

Answer 6

Lithium, the valence electrons are in a lower energy level and therefore closer to the nucleus

Question 7

how is the attraction for valence e- affected by amount of electrons between nucleus and valence shell

Answer 7

the more interference, the less of a charge felt by valence electrons

Question 8

how is the attraction for valence e- affected by amount of protons in the nucleus

Answer 8

As you move across a period, more protons are being added to the nucleus, increasing the atomic number. This makes the nucleus more positive, giving it a stronger pull on the valence electrons

Question 9

how is the attraction for valence e- affected by distance from nucleus

Answer 9

The increased distance weakens the nuclear attraction to the outer-most electron, and is easier to remove

Question 10

How does the nucleus change as you go across a row on the periodic table

Answer 10

the number of protons in the nucleus increases

Question 11

How does this affect attraction for valence e-?

Answer 11

This makes the nucleus more positive, giving it a stronger pull on the valence electrons

Question 12

How does atomic structure change as you go down?

Answer 12

The atomic radius decreases as you go across a period because more protons are being added to the nucleus as you go across

Question 13

What is electronegativity

Answer 13

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom’s ability to attract shared electrons to itself

Question 14

Which element on the periodic table would have the highest electronegativity? The lowest?

Answer 14

fluorine has the highest electronegativity (EN =4.0) and cesium the lowest (EN =0.79)

Question 15

As the radius/size of the atom increases what happens

Answer 15

The further valence electrons are from the nucleus, the less of a pull electrons will feel from the nucleus

Question 16

A higher effective nuclear charge causes what

Answer 16

greater attractions to the electrons

Question 17

What happens with the increased distance and increased shielding to the nuclear attraction

Answer 17

It gets weaker