3.1 study guide Flashcards
On the edge of an alpine meadow, a beaver cuts down an aspen tree. It eats the bark, uses some of the timber to shore up its dam, and stores some of the branches underwater for it to eat later in the winter.
commensalism
You are camping in the meadow. A female mosquito smells you. She finds a piece of exposed skin, drills her proboscis through your skin to find a capillary, and sucks up your blood.
parasitism
That evening you watch as an elk and a white-tailed deer, both grazing ungulates, eat the same kinds of plants in an alpine meadow.
competition
The next day you notice some colorful flowers. A butterfly walks over the flowers. It finds nectar stored inside the flowers and eats the nectar. In the process, it gets pollen smeared on its body. When it is finished hunting for nectar, it flies to another flower of the same species a little ways away to find more nectar. Some of the pollen gets scraped off onto the second flower and pollinates it.
mutualism
A hawk soars over the meadow. Its sharp eyes spot a field mouse. The hawk drops into a steep dive and catches the mouse in its talons. Then it flies away, to feed the dead mouse to its nestlings.
predation
On the edge of the meadow is a large tree. Growing on the tree’s bark is a circular gray-green lichen, about 6 inches in diameter. The lichen is using the tree for habitat. The trunk gets sun and the lichen isn’t competing with other organisms for space. The tree hardly notices the lichen; it isn’t eating the tree or taking resources from the tree.
mutualism
In the wetter part of the meadow there is standing water. In the shallow water, a cattail (a tall grassy plant) and a rush (another kind of grassy plant) are both growing. The cattail and the rush both prefer the same kind of habitat, both need sunlight, and both are sucking up nitrogen and other nutrients from the marsh mud.
competition
Mutualism examples
Rhinos and Red-Billed Oxpeckers
Commensalism examples
Golden jackals will follow tigers on their hunt for prey so that they can feed off of the tiger’s scraps
Parasitism/Predation examples
Wasps laying eggs in caterpillars
Facultative symbiotic examples
Clownfish and sea anemones
Facultative non-symbiotic examples
Oxpeckers and large mammals
Obligatory symbiotic examples
Pistol shrimps and gobies
Obligatory non-symbiotic examples
Honeyguides and humans
Symbiosis
Symbiosis is any type of close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species.
