5- radiological anatomy Flashcards
which radiological technique is readily available so often 1st line?
x-ray
what is good & bad about ultrasound
good = - harmless & well tolerated & good for solid organs, biliary tree, urinary tract & free fluid
bad = bad for gas
what is good and bad about CT scan?
good = see lots of structures at same time
bad = high dose ionising radiation
what is good and bad about MRI?
good = for soft tissue contrast and no ionising radiation
bad = expensive & time consuming and some patients can’t tolerate
what are the indents in oesophagus that can be seen on CT scan?
3 indents
1st = aortic arch
2nd = left main bronchus
3rd = left atrium
what is route of oesophagus?
starts in neck and goes into thorax, lies posterior to trachea & great vessels - then descends adjacent to aorta and passes posterior to left main bronchus then passes posteriorly to left atrium
what organs are in right upper quadrant?
- liver, gallbladder & biliary tree
- duodenum (1st, 2nd, 3rd part)
- pancreatic head
- colon (hepatic flexure, ascending colon, transverse colon)
- right kidney & adrenal gland
what organs are in left upper quadrant?
- spleen
- stomach
- small bowel
- pancreatic tail
- colon (splenic flexure, descending colon, transverse colon)
- left kidney & adrenal gland
what organs are in right lower quadrant?
- caecum
- terminal ileum
- appendix
- right ureter (ovary, fallopian tube, uterus)
- bladder
what organs are in left lower quadrant?
- sigmoid colon
- left ureter (ovary, fallopian tube, uterus)
- bladder
what is blood supply to liver?
portal vein (80%) & hepatic arteries (20%)
what is the components of biliary tree?
- R&L hepatic ducts form common hepatic ducts
- cystic duct from gallbladder then joins CHD making common bile duct (CBD)
- pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct
- CBD then drains into duodenum via ampulla of vater
where in duodenum is ampulla of vater located?
medial wall of 2nd part of duodenum
what other organ does duodenum loop around?
forms C shape around pancreatic head (the pancreatic tail touches the spleen on left)
what are the 4 parts of duodenum? (don’t have names, just like where they are)
- 1st part = starts at pylorus, runs up & back (INTRAPERITONEAL)
- 2nd part = descends vertically, right of L2/3 (RETROPERITONEAL)
- 3rd part = horizontally inferior to pancreas
- 4th part = upwards towards ligament of treitz
is pancreas retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
retroperitoneal
what is structure of pancreas?
uncinate process, head, neck, body, tail
what is stomach shape?
J shape with 4 parts (antrum, pylorus, fundus, body) and 2 curvatures (lesser omentum attached to lesser curve and greater curve attaching to greater omentum)
what is the point where ileum turns to caecum?
ileocaecal valve
what is location of jejunum vs ileum?
jejunum more in LUQ and ileum more in RUQ
what is arterial & venous supply for spleen?
- arterial supply = splenic artery from coeliac artery
- venous drainage = via splenic vein to portal vein
what are the colonic flexures and their positions?
hepatic & splenic flexures
hepatic = lower down due to liver, on right
what is position of rectum? (what is anterior & posterior to it)
posterior = sacrum/coccyx
anterior = vagina in females and prostate in males
what are organs that are only just wrapped?
retroperiotoneal
what are organs that are completely wrapped?
intraperitoneal
what allows some intraperitoneal organs to move?
being attached to mesentery
what parts of colon are intraperitoneal?
- caecum
- transverse colon (also suspended on mesentery)
- sigmoid colon (also suspended on mesentery)
what parts of colon retroperitoneal?
ascending & descending
is rectum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
upper 2/3 covered by peritoneum, lower 1/3 below peritoneal reflection
what is blood supply to colon?
both superior & inferior mesenteric arteries supply bit
- SMA branches to middle colic, right colic & ileocolic arteries = supplying caecum, ascending & proximal transverse colon
- IMA branches to left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal arteries = supplying distal transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon & upper rectum
