Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > 3- investigations of lower abdominal symptoms > Flashcards

3- investigations of lower abdominal symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

what are GI symptoms?

A
  • pain
  • change in bowel habit →frequency, stool consistency, associated with blood or mucous
  • bloating/distension
  • rectal bleeding
  • anal pain on defecation
  • peri-anal itch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are causes of abdominal pain in right hypochondrium region of abdomen?

A
  • hepatitis
  • gallstones
  • cholangitis
  • cholecystitis
  • liver abscess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are causes of abdominal pain in left hypochondrium region of abdomen?

A
  • splenic abscess
  • splenic rupture
  • splenic infarct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are causes of abdominal pain in epigastric region of abdomen?

A
  • peptic ulcer
  • oesophagitis
  • pancreatitis
  • gastric cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are causes of abdominal pain in right lumbar region of abdomen?

A
  • renal colic
  • pyelonephritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are causes of abdominal pain in left lumbar region of abdomen?

A
  • renal colic
  • pyelonephritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are causes of abdominal pain in umbillical region of abdomen?

A
  • early appendicitis
  • mesenteric adenitis
  • meckel’s diverticulitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are causes of abdominal pain in right iliac region of abdomen?

A
  • late appendicitis
  • crohns disease
  • ectopic pregnancy
  • ovarian cyst
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are causes of abdominal pain in left iliac region of abdomen?

A
  • diverticulitis
  • ulcerative colitis
  • ectopic pregnancy
  • ovarian cyst
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are causes of abdominal pain in pelvic region of abdomen?

A
  • UTI
  • urinary retention
  • testicular torsion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is approach to intestinal pain?

A
  • careful history = establish all symptoms, any relation to meal times or defecation. are symptoms worse at night
    • urgency, tenesmus (feeling of something on stomach), incontinence
  • examination, including rectal exam

is pathology or functional?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is basic examination of intestinal pain?

A
  • full blood count (check for anaemia)
    • check renal function (electrolyte upset or dehydration)
    • inflammation present →check CRP elevated, platelets elevated
  • check for coeliac disease →serology
  • stool tests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is measured in stool tests?

A
  • measure altered blood in stool to determine likelihood of underlying cancer, polyps
  • measure faecal calprotectin (is there mucosal inflammation?)
  • GI infection screen (if acute diarrhoea); PCR screen for bacterial and viral causes of gastroenteritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what further tests can be done in intestinal pain (more hospital ones)?

A
  • colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy = gold standard test but does depend on quality of endoscopist (user error occurs) →need to drink 2L of fluid to flush out so can be tricky for some people especially if frail, elderly
  • CT colonoscopy
  • CT abdomen & pelvis with/without IV contrast
  • ultrasound
  • abdominal x-ray →reserved for emergency

in reality resources are limited so clinicians have to prioritise who needs more urgent scans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is faecal immunochemical tests (FIT)?

A

= measures faecal haemoglobin concentrations in stool – to detect altered blood as a marker of underlying disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens in FIT stool sample?

A
  • tiny test tube that take stiny sample of faeces (single sample)
  • automated analysis that allows lab scientists to measure how much blood in stool
  • can measure tiny amounts of altered blood in stool
17
Q

what is new protocol for bowel cancer suspicions in GP (instead of just referring to loads of endoscopies and not many being cancer)?

A

→stool test is good rule out test, if FIT score less than 10 micrograms per gram then ok (negative test) so don’t refer (only a tiny proportion developed cancers after negative FIT test)

= helps prioritise patients for investigations

18
Q

is faecal haemoglobin concentration inferior to symptoms in predicting underlying cancers and polyps etc?

A
  • Faecal haemoglobin concentration is superior to symptoms in predicting underlying CRC/polyps/IBD
19
Q

what is detected in FIT test?

A

detecting antibodies specific to human haemoglobin, presence of these antibodies serves as a marker for altered blood in GI tract

GI (56 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions