5 homeostasis kidney

Question 1

what happens when blood glucose levels are too HIGH

Answer 1

• blood with too much glucose
• insulin secreted by pancreas
• glucose moves from blood to muscle and liver cells
• insulin makes liver turn glucose into glycogen

Question 2

what happens when blood glucose levels are too LOW

Answer 2

• blood with too little glucose
• glucagon secreted by pancreas
• glucagon makes liver turn glycogen to glucose
• glucose released into blood by liver

Question 3

type 1 diabetes
what
cure

Answer 3

• pancreas DOESNT produce INSULIN so they blood glucose levels can rise and kill them
• insulin therapy - injections throughout day of insulin

Question 4

type 2 diabetes

Answer 4

• person becomes RESISTANT to their own INSULIN causing their blood glucose to rise and kill them
• obesity - diet and exercise

Question 5

what’s the role of the kidney

Answer 5

• make urine from taking waste products out the blood through FILTRATION
• useful stuff eg glucose, ions, water are absorbed back into blood through SELECTIVE REABSORPTION

Question 6

3 substances removed from the body in urine

Answer 6

1. UREA
2. IONS
3. WATER

Question 7

how is the concentration of urine controlled - hormone

Answer 7

• brain instructs pituitary gland to release ADH into blood according to how much needed.

Question 8

whats kidney failure

Answer 8

• waste builds up in blood
• u can’t control ur bloods levels of ions and water = death

Question 9

kidney DIALYSIS\
what
machine
when
cons

Answer 9

• regularly and keeps concentrations of dissolved substances in blood at normal levels
• dialysis machine - blood flows between partially permeable membranes surrounded by dialysis fluid. ions and waste substances leave the blood but proteins etc say in.
• 3 times a week. 3-4 hours
• CONS: clotting, infections, ££

Question 10

kidney TRANSPLANT

Answer 10

• u can use a dead (needs a donor card) or alive kidney
• RISK: patient can reject the donor’s kidney by its immune system
• cheaper but long waiting list.

Question 11

what gets unconcentrated urine

Answer 11

low amounts of ADH

Question 12

what gets concentrated urine

Answer 12

high levels of ADH

Question 13

what if you have too mucy water or too little in your body - cells

Answer 13

water will difuse into your cells by osmosis so they swell and maybe burst
too little - cells loose water and shrink

Question 14

where are nephrons

Answer 14

kidneys

Question 15

what do we reabsorb through sleective reaborption

Answer 15

all glucose
some water
no urea

Question 16

what do we filter through the tubules in the nephron in thebkidney through filtration

Answer 16

water
glucose
amino acids
urea
NOT protiens or cells bc too large

Question 17

what forms our urine

Answer 17

all the things we dont want from the blood

Question 18

what detects the water concentration in the blood stream

Answer 18

hypothalomus

Question 19

what happns process if we have too little water in blood - dehydrated

Answer 19

hypothalomus sends signal to pituitray gland
then ADH gets released into the blood stream
which then reaches the kidneys and tells the tubuels to get more permeable and reabsorb more water into the blood through osmosis

Question 20

too little water in body

Answer 20

more adh
kidneys absorb more water
so less urine produced

Question 21

too much water in body

Answer 21

less adh
kidneys absorb less water
so more urine prodiced