5 homeostasis kidney Flashcards
what happens when blood glucose levels are too HIGH
- blood with too much glucose
- insulin secreted by pancreas
- glucose moves from blood to muscle and liver cells
- insulin makes liver turn glucose into glycogen
what happens when blood glucose levels are too LOW
- blood with too little glucose
- glucagon secreted by pancreas
- glucagon makes liver turn glycogen to glucose
- glucose released into blood by liver
type 1 diabetes
what
cure
- pancreas DOESNT produce INSULIN so they blood glucose levels can rise and kill them
- insulin therapy - injections throughout day of insulin
type 2 diabetes
- person becomes RESISTANT to their own INSULIN causing their blood glucose to rise and kill them
- obesity - diet and exercise
what’s the role of the kidney
- make urine from taking waste products out the blood through FILTRATION
- useful stuff eg glucose, ions, water are absorbed back into blood through SELECTIVE REABSORPTION
3 substances removed from the body in urine
- UREA
- IONS
- WATER
how is the concentration of urine controlled - hormone
- brain instructs pituitary gland to release ADH into blood according to how much needed.
whats kidney failure
- waste builds up in blood
- u can’t control ur bloods levels of ions and water = death
kidney DIALYSIS\
what
machine
when
cons
- regularly and keeps concentrations of dissolved substances in blood at normal levels
- dialysis machine - blood flows between partially permeable membranes surrounded by dialysis fluid. ions and waste substances leave the blood but proteins etc say in.
- 3 times a week. 3-4 hours
- CONS: clotting, infections, ££
kidney TRANSPLANT
- u can use a dead (needs a donor card) or alive kidney
- RISK: patient can reject the donor’s kidney by its immune system
- cheaper but long waiting list.
what gets unconcentrated urine
low amounts of ADH
what gets concentrated urine
high levels of ADH
what if you have too mucy water or too little in your body - cells
water will difuse into your cells by osmosis so they swell and maybe burst
too little - cells loose water and shrink
where are nephrons
kidneys
what do we reabsorb through sleective reaborption
all glucose
some water
no urea
what do we filter through the tubules in the nephron in thebkidney through filtration
water
glucose
amino acids
urea
NOT protiens or cells bc too large
what forms our urine
all the things we dont want from the blood
what detects the water concentration in the blood stream
hypothalomus
what happns process if we have too little water in blood - dehydrated
hypothalomus sends signal to pituitray gland
then ADH gets released into the blood stream
which then reaches the kidneys and tells the tubuels to get more permeable and reabsorb more water into the blood through osmosis
too little water in body
more adh
kidneys absorb more water
so less urine produced
too much water in body
less adh
kidneys absorb less water
so more urine prodiced
