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biology > 5 general homeostasis whole topic > Flashcards

5 general homeostasis whole topic Flashcards

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1
Q

what’s is homeostasis definition

A

regulation of the conditions inside you body to maintain a stable internal environment in repose to external and internal changes

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2
Q

what is negative feedback

A

automatic control system that keeps internal environment stable. when something too high or too low the neg feedback brings it back to normal.

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3
Q

process if something is too high/low with negative feedback (3 steps)

A
  1. receptor detects a stimulus - level is too high/low
  2. coordination centre receives and processes info, then prepares a response
  3. effector produces response to counteract the change - back to normal
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4
Q

4 parts of the nervous system

A
  • CNS (central nervous system)
    this is the spaniel cord and brain, connected to the sensory and motor neurones
  • sensory neurones
    carry electrical impulses from receptors to CNS
  • motor neurones
    Carry electrical impulses from CNS to effectors
  • effectors
    all muscles and glands that respond to nervous impulses
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5
Q

difference between RECEPTORS and EFFECTORS

A

RECEPTORS
- cells that detect stimuli
- eg taste for tongue and sound for ears

EFFECTORS
- respond to nervous impulses and bring about a change
- eg muscles and glands

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6
Q

whats a synapse

A
  • the junction between 2 neurones
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7
Q

what is a reflex

A
  • rapid and automatic responses to stimuli that don’t involve conscious part of brain
  • reduce injuries
  • the passage of a reflex is a reflex arc (receptor to effector)
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8
Q

stages of a reflex arc when you touch something hot

A
  1. Receptor in the skin detects a stimulus (the change in temperature).
  2. Sensory neurone sends electrical impulses to relay neurone, in the spinal cord. They connect sensory neurones to motor neurones.
  3. Motor neurone sends electrical impulses to an effector.
  4. Effector produces a response (muscle contracts to move hand away).
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9
Q

what are relay neurones

A

connect sensory neurones and motor neurones

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10
Q

measuring reaction time practicals

A
  • ruler method
  • computer method
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11
Q

what is the thermoregulatory centre

A
  • keep body temp constant
  • in the brain
  • 37 degrees
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12
Q

thermoregulatory centre process if too hot or too cold:

A
  1. temp receptors detect if too hot/cold
  2. thermoregulatory centre receives the info and triggers the effectors
  3. effectors produces a response to counteract the change
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13
Q

the bodys response if your too HOT

A
  1. sweat produced from sweat glands (evaporates from skin and transfers energy to environment)
  2. vasodilation - more blood flows closer to surface (helps energy transfer to the environment)
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14
Q

the bodys response if you too COLD

A
  1. hairs stand up to trap insulating layer of air
  2. vasoconstriction - close off the skins blood supply
  3. shiver - your muscles contract automatically
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15
Q

what are hormones

A
  • chemical molecules released directly into the blood
  • ## produces and secreted by ENDOCRINE GLANDS
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16
Q

THE PITUITARY GLAND - endocrine system

A
  • in the brain
  • produces many hormones to regulate bodys conditions
17
Q

OVARIES - endocrine system

A
  • females only
  • produce OESTROGEN valid in the menstrual cycle
18
Q

TESTES - endocrine system

A
  • male only
  • produce TESTOSTERONE which controls puberty and sperm production
19
Q

THYROID - endocrine system

A
  • around your neck area
  • produces THYROXINE which regulates metabolism and heart rate
20
Q

ADRENAL GLAND - endocrine system

A
  • above ovaries and testes
  • below the pancreas
  • produces ADRENALINE
21
Q

PANCREAS - endocrine system

A
  • above adrenal gland, above ovaries
  • produces INSULIN which is used to regulate blood glucose levels
22
Q

difference between nerve and hormone

A

NERVE - fast, short time, precise area
HORMONE - slow, long time, general way

23
Q

about adrenaline

A
  • response to stressful and scary situations\
  • increases heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure to provide more oxygen and energy to the muscles,
  • also causes the release of glucose from the liver to provide a quick source of energy.
24
Q

negative feedback

A

when you body detects that something has gone above/below the normal level it triggers a response to bring it back to normal

25
Q

about thyroxine

A
  • thyroid gland (in neck)
  • regulates metabolic rate (speed that chem reactions in body while at rest)
  • stimulates protein synthesis for growth and repair
  • released in response to TSH from pituitary gland
26
Q

list and order of all the glands in the endocrine system starting from the brain

A

pituitary
thyroid
pancreas
adrenal
ovaires
testes

27
Q

what does a rise and fall in blood conc mean

A

rise – low water levels
fall – high water levels

biology (22 decks)

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