Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

YR2 - Clinical Pathology > 5. Gyno + Breast > Flashcards

5. Gyno + Breast Flashcards

1
Q

TORCH

A

Toxoplasmosis / Others / Rubella / CMV / HSV

others
–> Syphilis / HIV / Cox / Hep B / VZV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is group B streptococcus done as part of routine test?

A

No

does more harm than good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Post prolonged rupture of membranes leads to what during pregnancy?

A

Intra-amniotic infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intra-amniotic infection pathogenesis

A

Bacteria in vagina ascend through cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Puerperium

A

6 weeks after childbirth where reproductive organs return to original non-pregnant condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Puerperal endometritis

A

Uterine infection during puerperium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intra-amniotic infections + puerperal endometritis common causative agents (2)

A

GBS + E.coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Most common symptom presenting in childhood infections

A

respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Croup

A

Inflammation / narrowing of subloglottic region of larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Croup is generally caused by what

A

Viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 symptoms of Croup

A

Stridor // Barking cough // Hoarseness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Otitis Media

A

Middle ear infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Main cause of otitis media

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Main cause of LRTI

A

Respiratory syncytial virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pertussis is caused by what

A

Bordetella Pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 stages of pertussis (in order)

A

Catarrhal (cold like 7-10 days)

Paroxysmal (whooping sound 2-6 weeks)

Convalescent phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Common cause of meningitis in neonates

A

GBS / E.coli / Listeria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Common cause of meningitis in >1 - 5 years

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae // Neisseria meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Common cause of meningitis < 1 yr

A

Viral Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Common cause of meningitis < 3 months

A

Enteroviruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Impetigo is geenerally cxaused by what? (2)

A

Staph aureus // Streptococcus pyogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is impetigo

A

Skin infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Scarlet fever is generally caused by what?

A

Group A Beta-haemolytic streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 symptoms of scarlet fever

A

Rash on face + Rough sandpaper skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are not found in male breast (5)

Lob
Ter
Co
Fib
Cy
A 
Lobules
Terminal ductal lobular units (TDLU)
Coopers ligaments
Fibroadenomas
cysts
26
Q

Lactiferous duct drains into what next to the areola

A

Lactiferous sinus

27
Q

How many lobules are in a breast

A

15-20

28
Q

What produces milk

A

Acinus

29
Q

Acinus contains what cells (inner + outer)

A

Inner => Ductal epithelial cells

outer => Myoepithelial cells

30
Q

Fibrocystic disease consists of what (2) (describe cyst / plasia)

A

cyst formation // mild hyperplasia without atypia

31
Q

is fibrocystic disease bilateral // unilateral?

A

Bilateral

32
Q

Fibroadenoma has what type of lump?

A

Mobile + painless

33
Q

What components are affected in a fibroadenoma

A

stromal + epithelial

34
Q

Who are at most risk in a fibroadenoma?

A

Women 20-30years

35
Q

DCIS is found in what?

A

Parenchymal structures

36
Q

what is DCIS a precursor of?

A

Invasive Carcinoma

37
Q

Breast cancer affects what cell type

A

Breast parenchyma // accessory breast tissue

38
Q

Endometriosis is what?

A

Ectopic endometrial tissue

39
Q

Endometriosis has what theory?

A

Regurgitation theory -> blood goes back on itself and doesnt leave vagina // enters perineum and starts growing fibroids

40
Q

What are the two types of endometrial polyps

A

Sessile // Pedunculated

41
Q

Sessile polyps = >

Pedunculated polyp =>

A

sessile = Broad

Pedunculated = Narrow stalk

42
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia is associated with what hormone imbalance?

A

High estrogen // Low Progesterone

43
Q

What drug is used in breast cancer that can increase risk of endometrial hyperplasia

A

Tamixofen

44
Q

PTEN mutation can lead to whatt?

A

Endometrial Hyperplasia

45
Q

Endometrial cancer has what 2 types?

A

Endometroid (75%) // Serous (25%)

46
Q

Endometrial cancer is associated with what being unopposed

A

Estradiol

47
Q

Explain the 4 stages of endometrial cancer

A

Stage 1 => Carcinoma in uterine body

Stage 2 => Carcinoma in cervix

Stage 3 => Carcinoma in uterus

Stage 4 => Carcinoma spread to bladder / bowel

48
Q

Lynch syndrome

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer HNPCC

A

Inherited cancer predisposition syndrome

increases chance of colorectal cancer // endometrial cancer // ovarian cancer // bowel cancer

49
Q

What is the most common gynaecological condition

A

Myometrial Tumour

50
Q

Is myometrial tumour benign?

A

Yes

51
Q

PCOS regarding the hypothalamus leads to increased what?

A

GnRH

52
Q

Why is there high GnRH in PCOS

A

Low progesterone = High GnRH

53
Q

With high GnRH in PCOS, can 2 hormones are affected that lead to no ovulation

A

High LH // Low FSH

54
Q

Other than LH / GnRH increasing, what else increases in PCOS

A

Androgens ==> Hyperandrogenism

55
Q

What are the 3 conditions that need to be present in PCOS

A

Hyperandrogenism

Ovulatory dysfunction // Polycystic ovaries

Menstral irregularities

56
Q

benign smooth muscle tumour that very rarely becomes cancer

A

Leiomyoma // Fibroids

57
Q

High exposure to eostrogen for long periods of time can lead to what carcinoma?

A

Ductal carcinoma

58
Q

BRCA 1 is associated with what cancer other than breast

A

Cervix

59
Q

tripple assessment =>

A

examination // imaging // biopsy

60
Q

Carcinoma in situ -> carcinoma

What tissue?

A

Breast

61
Q

Hyperplasia -> Carcinoma

What tissue?

A

endometrium

62
Q

Adenoma -> carcinoma

What tissue?

A

Colon

YR2 - Clinical Pathology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions