2. Immunology Flashcards
Central tolerance occurs where (2)
Bone Marrow
Thymus
MHC1 is comprised of what (3)
HLA A/B/C
MH2 is comprised of what (3)
HLA (DP/DQ/DR)
What is citrullination
Conversion of Arginine -> Citrulline
citrullination occurs in what disease
Rheumatoid Arthritus
Hashimotos Disease =>
Hypothroidism
Graves Disease =>
Hyperthyroidism
Myasthenia Gravis =>
Blocking of AcH
Pernicious Anaemia =>
Auto AB to IF => no B12 absorption
Atopic Triad is what 3 things
Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic Asthma
Allergic Rhinitis
Penicillin // Cephalosporin // Carbapeneems // Monobactams // Vancomycin
All these do what?
Disrupt cell wall synthesis
gentamicin // Clarithromycin // Mupirocin
All these do what
inhibit protein synthesis
Daptomycin / colistin
All these do what
Membrane active agents
Sulphonamides // trimethoprim // rifampicin
All these do what
Inhibit folate synthesis (DNA / RNA)
Quinolones
What does it do?
Inhibit DNA replication
TLR4 binds to what
Lipopolysaccharides
PAMPS binds to what
Lipopolysacchardies
TLR5 Binds to what
Flagellin
TLR3 Binds to what
Viral RNA
With neutrophil defects, what is a qualitative defect
Inability to kill
With neutrophil defects, what is a quantitative defect
Less present
Sensitivity
Proportion of people WITH disease who have Positive Test
Specificity
Proportion of people WITHOUT disease who have a Negative Test
what are the 3 types of transplant rejections
which one is T cell dependent
Acute Cellular Rejection (T cell mediated)
Acute AB Rejection (Pre-exposed AB)
Chronic AB Rejection
Cell that is part of the innate immune system, that can both destroy cells
infected by some viruses but also can stimulate the adaptive immune response
NK
What is the name of the paediatric emergency where there is a defect or absence of a critical T
cell molecule which can be cured by haemopoietic stem cell transplant?
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
process used for antibiotic selection
stepwise
lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent at which visible growth of the microbes is prevented?
MIC
what are cephalosporins
Beta-lactams
Acute Viruses tend to be caused by what
RNA Viruses
Azoles =
antifungal cell membrane agents
Which antibiotic, commonly used to treat UTI, inhibits DNA synthesis in bacteria?
Trimethoprim
Anti-Jo-1 ==>
dermatomyositis
SCID is characterized as what?
lack of B + T cell development
Contact iritant dermatitis is what type of hypersensitivity
not a type
Atopic dermatitis example
eczema
atopic dermatitis hypersensitivity type
eczema => type 1
type 1 diabetes is what type of hypersensitivity?
Type 4
