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602 HSF > 5. Equilibrium Potential > Flashcards

5. Equilibrium Potential Flashcards

1
Q

Most areas have a _ charge inside and _ charge outside

A

Negative, Positive

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2
Q

What channels are involved with graded potentials and respond to neurotransmitters?

A

ligand-gated

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3
Q

What channels are involved with changes in electrical charge (membrane potential) and action potentials?

A

voltage-gated

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4
Q

Where do voltage gated channels start to open up?

A

Initial segment of the axon hillock

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5
Q

The 2 glial cells in the PNS are _

A

Satellite cells

Schwann cells

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6
Q

the 4 glial cells in the CNS are _

A

oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells

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7
Q

ACh receptor is a _ channel

A

ligand gated

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8
Q

T/F Gap junctions are involved with electrical synapse

A

True

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9
Q

T/F Membrane potential involves single ions

A

False (multiple)

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10
Q

_ ions have a higher concentration outside

A

Na+, Cl-

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11
Q

_ ions have a higher concentration inside

A

K+

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12
Q

K+ is driven out of the cell due to _ and also driven into cell by _

A

the concentration gradient, electrical attraction (to A-)

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13
Q

The _ equation solves for equilibrium potential and is _

A

Nernst

Ex= + or - 60log(Xo/Xi)

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14
Q 
The equilibrium potentials for:
K+
Na+
Cl-
Ca 2+
A

-90 mV
+60 mV
-70 mV
+90 mV

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15
Q

_ is the threshold of a typical neuron

A

-55 mV

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16
Q

At rest, membrane potential is driven by _

A

leak channels

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17
Q

T/F membrane potential is due to K+ and Na+ channels and the Na-K ATPase pump

A

True

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18
Q

_ equation is used to calculate membrane potential and is _

A

Goldman’s equation
Vm= 60 log(P[K]out + P[Na]out + P[Cl-]in)
(P[K]in + P[Na]in + P[Cl-]out)

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19
Q

Permeability of K:Na:Cl at rest

A

1 : .01 : .45

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20
Q

What drug shuts down the Na/K pump and does it affect AP or MP?

A

Oubane

No, leak channels are still open

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21
Q

Typical resting membrane potential is _

A

-70 mV

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22
Q

Graded potential are also known as _ potentials

A

local

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23
Q

Where are ligand gated channels located on neurons?

A

Cell bodies and dendrites

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24
Q

For graded potentials, as you move further from the point of origin the strength or amplitude _

A

decreases

25
Q

Time constant is defined as _

A

the time required for voltage in cell to drop 63%

26
Q

Time constant is dependent on _

A

Resistance x capacitance (size of membrane)

27
Q

The _ the time constant, the _ the drop in voltage

A

larger, slower

28
Q

Longer time constants allow graded potentials to undergo _, increasing the likelihood of an action potential to fire

A

temporal summation

29
Q

When ligand gated channels open, _ flows in causing _

A

Na, depolarization

30
Q

T/F Stimulus strength effects amplitude of action potential

A

False (once threshold hits, it is all or none)

31
Q

After depolarization, most of the inactivation gates are _, stopping entry of Na+

A

closed

32
Q

At resting membrane potential, the activation gate is _, waiting for depolarizing stimulus to arrive due to ligand gated channels

A

closed

33
Q

Conductance (g) is defined as _

A

the ease at which ions flow through voltage gated channels

34
Q

_ period is where it is impossible to initiate another action potential, because inactivation gates are _

A

Absolute refractory period

closed

35
Q

_ period is where a 2nd action potential can be activated but requires a _ stimulus to reach threshhold

A

Relative refractory period

higher

36
Q

Ohm’s law states voltage=

A

I X R

37
Q

H-Huxley model states current=

A

g(Vm-E)

38
Q

Driving force for ions is _

A

(Vm-E)

39
Q

For cations, when the driving force is +, ions flow _

A

outward

40
Q

For cations, when the driving force is -, ions flow _

A

inward

41
Q

For anions, when the driving force is +, ions flow _

A

inward

42
Q

For anions, when the driving force is -, ions flow _

A

outward

43
Q

Tetraethylammonium (TEA) blocks _ resulting in no _ flow

A

K+ current

outward

44
Q

Tetrododoxin (TTX) blocks _ resulting in reduced _ flow

A

Na+ current

inward

45
Q

Pronase keeps Na+ channels open by _

A

cleaving off inactivation gate from VG Na+ channels

46
Q

Permeability of K : Na : Cl after threshold

A

1 : 20 : .45

47
Q

Length constant is when _

A

the voltage decreases over distance by 63% (graded potentials)

48
Q

Longer length constants have a greater chance to cause an AP due to _

A

spatial summation

49
Q

Length constant equation is _

A

square root of rm/ri

50
Q

The larger the diameter of a neuron, the _ the resistance

A

smaller

51
Q

The speed of AP=

A

length constant/time constant
or
(rm/ri)/ (rm x capacitance)

52
Q

Bigger axons transport signals _ due to a decrease in _

A

Faster

internal resistance

53
Q

For bigger axons, _and _ decrease

A

membrane and internal resistance

54
Q

For bigger axons, _ increases

A

capacitance

55
Q

Myelinated axons transport signals _ _ faster, due to an increase in _ and decrease in _

A

much, much
membrane resistance
capacitance

56
Q

What is the type of conduction where the AP jumps from node to node?

A

saltutory

57
Q

Defects in Ca channels cause _ and _

A

paralysis (hypokalemic)

malignant hyperthermia

58
Q

Defects in Na channels cause _ and _

A

Paralysis (hyperkalemic)

Atypical myotonia

59
Q

Defects in Cl channels cause _ and _

A

Myotonia

cystic fibrosis

602 HSF (19 decks)

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