6. Nervous System in Anatomy Flashcards
What are the two nerve tissue cell types?
Neuroglia
Neurons
What are the 5 parts of a typical neuron?
Dendrites Cell body Axon Hillock Axon Axon Terminal
What do synapses release?
Neurotransmitters
Neurons function to _
transmit information in the form of electrical impulses or APs
Neuroglia function to_
destroy pathogens
support/provide nutrition for neurons
T/F Neuroglia outnumber neurons 2:1
True
T/F Nerves contain neuron cell bodies
False (they contain bundles of axon fibers)
Brain and spinal cord make up the _
CNS
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia make up the _
PNS
Afferent (sensory) division of the NS sends information from the _ to the _
PNS
CNS
Afferent (sensory) division utilizes the neurotransmitter _ and is a _ neuron system
glutamate
3 (1 PNS, 2 CNS)
Efferent (motor) division send commands from the _ to _ and _
CNS
muscles and glands
T/F Somatic division is involuntary regulation of smooth and cardiac muscle, and glands
False (Autonomic division)
Somatic division is _ control over _
voluntary
skeletal muscle
Somatic division is a _ neuron system and utilizes the neurotransmitters _ and _
2 (both CNS)
glutamate and ACh
Autonomic division is a _ neuron system and utilizes the neurotransmitters _ and _
2 (1 PNS and 1 CNS) ACh and (nor)epinephrine
What are the 4 kinds of nerve fibers?
Somatic sensory
Somatic motor
Visceral sensory
Visceral motor
The brain receives _ input from the spinal cord and initiates _ outputs
sensory
motor
T/F The spinal cord conducts sensory info from the PNS to the brain
True
The spinal cord conducts _ from the brain to various effectors
motor information
List the structure of a typical nerve starting at the spinal cord
Spinal cord rootlets roots (dorsal and ventral) spinal nerve rami (dorsal and ventral)
The spinal nerve is just lateral to the _
intervertebral foramen
T/F Rami contain either sensory or motor fibers but not both
False (they contain both and are called mixed nerves)
In cranial nerves, _ nerves carry info from special sense of vision, hearing, and balance
somatic afferent
In cranial nerves, _ nerves carry info from special sense of taste (gustation) and smell (olfaction)
visceral afferent
In cranial nerves, _ nerves carry motor innervation to extrinsic muscles of the eye and muscles of the tongue
somatic efferent
In cranial nerves, _nerves that provide motor innervation to the muscles of the _ arches, such as _, _, and _
visceral efferent
pharyngeal
facial expression, chewing, swallowing
T/F Visceral afferent nerves are also called the branchial motor
False (visceral efferent)
_ are collections of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS
ganglia
The 3 ganglia are _
Dorsal root
cranial nerve
autonomic
White matter of the spinal cord contains neural _
axons
Grey matter of the spinal cord contains neural _
cell bodies
Autonomic NS is a two neuron system with _ in either the lateral horn of the spinal cord or in a nucleus in the brain
preganglionic cell bodies
ANS is a two neuron system with _ always in a ganglion
postganglionic cell bodies
Sympathetics have _ preganglionic axons and _ post-g axons
short
long
Sympathetics have distribute neurotransmitter _ to the whole body and specific organs
(nor)epinephrine
Parasympathetics have _ pre-g axons and _ post-g axons
long
short
Parasympathetics release neurotransmitter _ that acts on specific organs
ACh
