6. Nervous System in Anatomy

Question 1

What are the two nerve tissue cell types?

Answer 1

Neuroglia

Neurons

Question 2

What are the 5 parts of a typical neuron?

Answer 2

Dendrites
Cell body
Axon Hillock
Axon
Axon Terminal

Question 3

What do synapses release?

Answer 3

Neurotransmitters

Question 4

Neurons function to _

Answer 4

transmit information in the form of electrical impulses or APs

Question 5

Neuroglia function to_

Answer 5

destroy pathogens

support/provide nutrition for neurons

Question 6

T/F Neuroglia outnumber neurons 2:1

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T/F Nerves contain neuron cell bodies

Answer 7

False (they contain bundles of axon fibers)

Question 8

Brain and spinal cord make up the _

Answer 8

CNS

Question 9

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia make up the _

Answer 9

PNS

Question 10

Afferent (sensory) division of the NS sends information from the _ to the _

Answer 10

PNS

CNS

Question 11

Afferent (sensory) division utilizes the neurotransmitter _ and is a _ neuron system

Answer 11

glutamate

3 (1 PNS, 2 CNS)

Question 12

Efferent (motor) division send commands from the _ to _ and _

Answer 12

CNS

muscles and glands

Question 13

T/F Somatic division is involuntary regulation of smooth and cardiac muscle, and glands

Answer 13

False (Autonomic division)

Question 14

Somatic division is _ control over _

Answer 14

voluntary

skeletal muscle

Question 15

Somatic division is a _ neuron system and utilizes the neurotransmitters _ and _

Answer 15

2 (both CNS)

glutamate and ACh

Question 16

Autonomic division is a _ neuron system and utilizes the neurotransmitters _ and _

Answer 16

2 (1 PNS and 1 CNS)
ACh and (nor)epinephrine

Question 17

What are the 4 kinds of nerve fibers?

Answer 17

Somatic sensory
Somatic motor
Visceral sensory
Visceral motor

Question 18

The brain receives _ input from the spinal cord and initiates _ outputs

Answer 18

sensory

motor

Question 19

T/F The spinal cord conducts sensory info from the PNS to the brain

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The spinal cord conducts _ from the brain to various effectors

Answer 20

motor information

Question 21

List the structure of a typical nerve starting at the spinal cord

Answer 21

Spinal cord
rootlets
roots (dorsal and ventral)
spinal nerve
rami (dorsal and ventral)

Question 22

The spinal nerve is just lateral to the _

Answer 22

intervertebral foramen

Question 23

T/F Rami contain either sensory or motor fibers but not both

Answer 23

False (they contain both and are called mixed nerves)

Question 24

In cranial nerves, _ nerves carry info from special sense of vision, hearing, and balance

Answer 24

somatic afferent

Question 25

In cranial nerves, _ nerves carry info from special sense of taste (gustation) and smell (olfaction)

Answer 25

visceral afferent

Question 26

In cranial nerves, _ nerves carry motor innervation to extrinsic muscles of the eye and muscles of the tongue

Answer 26

somatic efferent

Question 27

In cranial nerves, _nerves that provide motor innervation to the muscles of the _ arches, such as _, _, and _

Answer 27

visceral efferent
pharyngeal
facial expression, chewing, swallowing

Question 28

T/F Visceral afferent nerves are also called the branchial motor

Answer 28

False (visceral efferent)

Question 29

_ are collections of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS

Answer 29

ganglia

Question 30

The 3 ganglia are _

Answer 30

Dorsal root
cranial nerve
autonomic

Question 31

White matter of the spinal cord contains neural _

Answer 31

axons

Question 32

Grey matter of the spinal cord contains neural _

Answer 32

cell bodies

Question 33

Autonomic NS is a two neuron system with _ in either the lateral horn of the spinal cord or in a nucleus in the brain

Answer 33

preganglionic cell bodies

Question 34

ANS is a two neuron system with _ always in a ganglion

Answer 34

postganglionic cell bodies

Question 35

Sympathetics have _ preganglionic axons and _ post-g axons

Answer 35

short

long

Question 36

Sympathetics have distribute neurotransmitter _ to the whole body and specific organs

Answer 36

(nor)epinephrine

Question 37

Parasympathetics have _ pre-g axons and _ post-g axons

Answer 37

long

short

Question 38

Parasympathetics release neurotransmitter _ that acts on specific organs

Answer 38

ACh