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2 - MSK > 5 - Elbow, Wrist > Flashcards

5 - Elbow, Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

What are the articulations of the elbow joint?

A

Humerus, Ulna and RadiusHumerus- Trochlea- Capitulum- Olecrannon Fossa- Coronoid Fossa- Radial FossaUlna - Coronoid process- Trochlear notch- Olecrannon processRadius - Head

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2
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Hinge type synovial joint

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3
Q

What happens at full extension of elbow?

A

Ulna makes an angle of 170* with the humerus

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4
Q

What muscles produce the flexing hinge movemet of the elbow?What muscle extend the elbow?

A

Flexion: Brachialis, Biceps brachii, BrachioradialisExtension: Triceps brachii and Aconeus

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5
Q

Describe the capsule of the elbow

A
  • Weak anteriorly and posterioly- Strengthened by collateral ligaments medially and laterally- Capsule of the elbow shares with proximal radioulnar joint
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6
Q

What are the two collateral ligaments which strengthen the elbow?

A

The ulna collateral ligament The radial collateral ligament

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7
Q

What is the ulna collateral ligament made up of?

A

Three bands - Anterior, Posterior and Oblique (deepens socket for trochlea)

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8
Q

Describe the radial collateral ligament of the elbow

A

Fan like, blends with annular ligament

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9
Q

What lies underneath the fibrous capsule of the elbow joint?

A

Synovial membrane lines the fibrous capsule and humerus

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10
Q

Label the diagram - What are A, B and C?

A

A - Radial collateral ligament B 0 Ulnar collateral ligament C - Annular ligament of radius

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11
Q

What is the function of elbow bursae?

A

act to cushion the moving parts of a joint, preventing degenerative damage

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12
Q

What are three important bursae of the elbow?

A

Intratendinosus - Formed within the tendon of the triceps brachiiSubtendinosus - Found between the olecrannon and tedon of the triceps brachii, reducing friction during extension and flexionSubcutaneous - Found between olecrannon and overlying connective tissue

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13
Q

What is subcutaneous bursitis of the elbow?

A

Repeated friction and pressure on the bursa can cause it become inflamed. Because this bursa lies relatively superficially, it can also become infected (e.g cut from a fall on the elbow), and this would also cause inflammation

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14
Q

What is subtendinous bursitis?

A

This is caused by repeated flexion and extension of the forearm, commonly seen in assembly line workers. Usually flexion is more painful as more pressure is put on the bursa.

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15
Q

What nerves are significant in elbow joint?

A

Radial nervepasses anterior tolateral epicondyle

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16
Q

What are the three parts of the radioulnar joints?

A

Proximal Radioulnar jointInterosseous membraneDistal radio ulnar

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17
Q

What is the proximal radioulnar joint formed by?

A

the head of the radius articulating with the radial notch of the ulna

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18
Q

What is the head of the radius held in place by?

A

The annular ligament of the radius

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19
Q

What prevents friction during movement of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

The anular radial ligament is lined with a synovial membrane

20
Q

What is movement produced by in the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

the head of the radius rotating within the anular ligament on the capitulum of the humerus

21
Q

What are the two movements possible at the proximal radioulnar head, and how?

A

Pronation: Produced by the pronator quadratus and pronator teresSupination: Produced by the supinator and biceps brachii

22
Q

What is Hilton’s law?

A

The principle that the nerve supplying a joint also supplies both the muscles that move the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles.

23
Q

What is the interosseous membrane of the radioulna joint?

A

Fibrous joint which allows distribution of force from radius to ulna

24
Q

What does the distal radioulna joint consist of?

A

The head of the ulnar and the ulnar notch on the side of the radius.

25
Q

What strengthens the distal radioulna joint?

A
  • Anterior and posterior ligaments - Fibrocartilaginous ligament called articular disk
26
Q

What are the two roles of the articular disk at the distal radioulna joint?

A
  • Binds the radius and ulna together, and holds them together during movement at the joint- Separates the distal radioulnar joint from the wrist joint
27
Q

What type of joints are the proximal and distal radioulna joints?

A

Pivot

28
Q

What two movements is the distal radioulna joint capable of?

A

Pronation: Produced by the pronator quadratus and pronator teresSupination: Produced by the supinator and biceps brachii

29
Q

What occurs during pronation and supination of the distal radioulna joint?

A

he ulnar notch of the radius slides anteriorly over the head of the ulnar during such movements.

30
Q

What is the name for the structure which allows twisting of the synovial capsula at the distal radioulna joint?

A

Sacciform recess

31
Q

What is the wrist joint formed from?

A

The wrist joint is formed by the articulation of distal end of the radius, the articular disk and the proximal row of the carpal bones (except the pisiform).

32
Q

What prevents the ulna interacting with the wrist joint?

A

Prevented by articular disk

33
Q

What type of joint is the wrist joint?

A

Synovial, condyloid joint

34
Q

What three things contribbute to stability of wrist joint?

A

The joint capsule, structure of the joint and the associated ligaments

35
Q

How does the joint capsule contribute to stability?

A

The fibrous outer layer attaches to the radius, ulna and the proximal row of the carpal bones. The internal layer is comprised of a synovial membrane, secreting synovial fluid, lubricating the joint

36
Q

How does the structure of the wrist joint contribute to stabiity?

A

Excessive abduction of the wrist is prevented by the radial styloid process.

37
Q

Name four ligaments of the wrist

A

Palmar radiocarpalDorsal radiocarpal Ulnar collateralRadial collateral

38
Q

What is the function of the palmar radiocarpal ligament, other than stability

A

ensure that the hand follows the forearm during supination

39
Q

What is the function of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament, other than stability

A

ensures that the hand follows the forearm during pronation

40
Q

What movements is the wrist joint capapble of?

A

flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

41
Q

What muscles contribute to flexion of the wrist?

A

Flexor Carpi UlnarisFlexor Carpi RadialisFlexor Digitorum SuperficialisFlexor Digitorum ProfundusPalmaris Longus

42
Q

What muscles contribute to extension of the wrist?

A

Extensore Carpi Radialis longusExtensor Carpi radialis brevisExtensor carpi ulnarisExtensor digitorumExtensor pollicis longusextensor indices

43
Q

What muscles contribute to adduction of the wrist?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris and Flexor carpi ulnaris

44
Q

What muscles contribute to abduction of the wrist?

A

Abductor pollicis longus, Flexor carpi radialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis.

45
Q

What is the vascular supply of the elbow?

A

Arterial anastamoses formed by collateral arteries and recurrent branches of ulnar, radial and interosseous arteries

2 - MSK (35 decks)

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