5 - Common Joint Injuries

Question 1

Covered in this deck- Scaphoid fractures- Dislocation of lunate- Colle’s Fracture- Smith’s fracture

Answer 1

To be determined - Types of investigations to determine joint injury

Question 2

What is a common way to fracture scaphoid?

Answer 2

Falling on an outstretched hand

Question 3

What is the main clinical sign of a scaphoid fracture?

Answer 3

Tenderness in anatomical snuffbox

Question 4

Why does a scaphoid fracture need to be dealt with quickly?

Answer 4

Fracture can cut off blood supply to proximal part, causing it to undergo avascular necrosis

Question 5

How can anterior dislocation of the lunate occur?

Answer 5

By falling on a dorsiflexed wrist

Question 6

What happens in anterior lunate dislocation?

Answer 6

The lunate can be forced anteriorly, and compresses the carpal tunnel, causing carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 7

How does carpal tunnel syndrome manifest itself?

Answer 7

As pins and needles in the sensory distribution of the median nerve and weakness of thenar muscles

Question 8

Why does anterior dislocation of lunate require immediate clinical attention?

Answer 8

Lunate can undergoe avascular necrosis

Question 9

What is a colle’s fracture?

Answer 9

A fracture of the wrist caused by falling onto an outstretched hand, fracturing the radius and displacing distal radial fragment and hand posteriorly

Question 10

What is the deformity in Colle’s fracture known as?

Answer 10

Dinner fork deformity

Question 11

What is special about fractures to the radius and ulnar?

Answer 11

Due to ring structure, usually both damaged in trauma to forearm

Question 12

What is moteggia’s fracture?

Answer 12

Usually caused by a force from behind the ulna Shaft of ulna is fractured and head of the radius dislocates anteriorly at the elbow

Question 13

What is gleazzi’s fracture?

Answer 13

Fracture of the radius, ulna head dislocated at the distal radio-ulnar joint

Question 14

Give a common elbow dislocation

Answer 14

Young child fals of a hand when elbow flexed.Distal end of humerus is driven through the weakest part of the joint capsule, which is anterior side.Ulna collateral ligament torn and ulnar nerve can be damaged

Question 15

What is another name for tennis elbow?

Answer 15

Epicondylitis

Question 16

What is the cause of epicondylitis?

Answer 16

Most of the flexor and extensor muscles in the forearm have a common tendonous origin.Sportspersons can develop an overuse strain of the common tendon – which results in pain and inflammation around the area of the affected epicondyle.

Question 17

Where is pain in tennis elbow?

Answer 17

Lateral epicondyle from common extensor origin

Question 18

Where is pain in golfers elbow?

Answer 18

Medial epicondyle from common flexor origin

Question 19

How can a supracondylar fracture be caused?

Answer 19

Falling on a flexed elbow

Question 20

What type of fracture is a supracondylar fracture?

Answer 20

Transverse, spanning two epicondyles

Question 21

What is a complication of supracondylar fractures?

Answer 21

Volkmanns ischemic contracture and damage to medial, ulna or radial nerves

Question 22

What occurs in “pulled elbow”?

Answer 22

Head of radius subluxates from annular ligament

Question 23

What is the difference between subluxation and dislocation?

Answer 23

Dislocation complete loss of contact of joint surfacesSubluxation partial dislocation of a joint, so bone ends misaligned but still in contact

Question 24

What is Smith’s fracture?

Answer 24

Fall onto back of the hand - opposite of Colle’s fracture.

Question 25

Give some methods of diagnosis of joint disorder

Answer 25

X Rays Stress views Arthrography (X ray with contrast) MRI CT

Question 26

What is a sprain?

Answer 26

Damage to a ligament

Question 27

What is dislocation?

Answer 27

Complete loss of continuity of the joint

Question 28

Give two main pathological causes of joint disorder

Answer 28

OsteoathritisRheumatoid arthritis

Question 29

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 29

Clinical and pathological outcome of a range of disorders that results in structural and functional failure of synovial joints

Question 30

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Answer 30

PainStiffnessDeformityLoss of functionCrepitus

Question 31

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 31

Chronic systemic inflammatory disease, resulting in synovial hypertrophy and chronic synovial joint inflammation

Question 32

What are the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 32

StifnessPain on motionLimitation of motionSwellingDeformity