5. Culture as an Asset of Soft Power. Cultural Diplomacy and Public Diplomacy

Question 1

how does Nye define culture?

Answer 1

the set of values and practices that create meaning for a society. it has many manifestations: common to distinguish betw. high culture such as literature art and education, which appeals to elites, and popular culture, which focuses on mass entertainment

Question 2

what are less likely to produce soft power?

Answer 2

narrow values and parochial cultures

Question 3

what do some analysts treat soft power as?

Answer 3

simply as popular cultural power

Question 4

four paths of culture as an asset of soft power

Answer 4

events, institutions, ideologies and people

media

history of cultural diplomacy shows: hierarchical flows replaced nowadays by multidirectional flows, interpersonal encounters seem to be as important as chieving any political goals

Question 5

what is cultural diplomacy?

Answer 5

subnetwork of public diplomacy, its relational type

a tool of foreign policy serving for promotion off the country by its culture and for the promotion of its culture

tool of FP serving for understanidn among actors of internatnioal relations, while involving them into interactions focused on culture

Question 6

how ociepka defines cultural diplomacy

Answer 6

subnetwork of public diplomacy, its relational type, that suports the peaceful solution of international conflict. stems from EU govtl documents is reprstd in studies on cult diplomacy withn the body of public dipl

Question 7

is cultural dipl hierarchical

Answer 7

no it is relational and potentially symmetric form of int rel, builds a platfrom for better understanding, while contributing to the creation of an international public sphere
relationships that result from particp n int exchanges and cult events construct a sphere for dialogue

Question 8

what are objectives of cultural diplomacy?

Answer 8

to represent and to promote the country

develop a network of good human relations among diplomats, business partners and local communities

prevent conflicts and to keep the channels (of communication) open should any conflict occur

in the EU also to support civil society, understanding the thriving civil society organisations as means for conflict prevention

to maintain positive p2p relations IN SPITE OF political tensions

culture as a means of trust building

Dutch Thorbecke principle: art is not the business of government as the government cannot judge art, nor yt control it. hardly shared by authoritarian regimes

attracting involving exchanging: how to reach ho

Question 9

cosmopolitan approach CD

Answer 9

Villanueva: area of thought and crtic. action: understanding the Other as an ethical compass for our treatment of others. end goal: prevent conflict, terror and war, engagng in cult dialogue

Question 10

some government regulation in the field

Answer 10

german department for cultural relations within MFA

DAAD (Akademischer Austauschdienst)
Goethe Institut
British Council
US State Department: Division for Cultural Relations 1938

Question 11

what institutions are there (5)

Answer 11

Confucius Institute 2004 (1000 planned in 2020)

Russkij Mir 2007

Treaties on bilateral cultural cooperation

promotion of language and culture
cultural exchanges facilitarion

Question 11

what structures are there for CD?

Answer 11

societies, associations, foundations (NGOs, non state actors)
ministries of foreign affairs and ministries of culture (conflicting potential)

government agencies
cultural institutes attaches for culture at embassies

specialized agencies/associations for separate sectors (literature, film, theatre), committees, libraries, corners, cabinets

networking?
centralization or deregulation?

Question 12

who is a celebrity in cultural diplomacy?

Answer 12

Paderewski

Question 13

what people have to do in CD?

Answer 13

pol and cult elites at turn of 19th and 20th cent

artists and pop stars as soft power icons, influencers

paderewski

cultural diplomats: social capital of the cultural diplomacy network

Question 14

how has the cultural diplomacy ideology changed?

Answer 14

cultural hegemony/domination
cultural imperialism
propaganda objectives
cultural pluralism
conflict prevention
win-win perspective: transcultural approaches and hybridity
cultural diplomacy for propaganda purposes

Question 15

Cultural diplomacy as a network: Poland case

Answer 15

Ph. Taylor: public diplomacy consists of cultural diplomacy and intern broadcasting

Question 16

what does C. Schneider say?

Answer 16

public diplomacy is all a nation wants (or tries to tell) to the world

Question 17

what did the MFA see culture as?

Answer 17

one f the key fields where the MFA carries out its public diplomacy tass

Question 18

after 1989, what happened in poland?

Answer 18

emphasize achievements of polands cultrue as part of coming back to europe
cultural diplomacy understood by Pol gov.: promotion of pol culture abroad and prom of poland via culture . prestige and image relevant

Question 19

what are the structures of cd in the case of poland=

Answer 19

MFA and Ministry of Culture and Naional Heritage as the hubs, dealing with the tastk together with the Adam Mickiewicz Institute (IAM)

Question 20

what is the IAMs remit?

Answer 20

permanent authentctn of poaland as link in int circulation of highes quality ideas, values, cultural goods

Question 21

what is the IAMs remit a result of?

Answer 21

acknowledgement of language of branding and PD in CD. Sae time network model of int cultural relations. IAM presented online core of its strategy: increase the value of Polands brand .communicate the cultural dimentsion of polands brand in an increasingly effieicnt way- maintain rank 5th largest player in the european network of cultural exchange

Question 22

gastrodiplomacy:

Answer 22

cultural diplomacy, winning hearts and minds thorugh stomacs, comb cult dipl culunary dipl

Question 23

Milan 2015 mega event and city diplomacy. how does city PD differ from promotion of the city as a brand?

Answer 23

branding: city as entity

city diplomacy: interests of the citizenry and aspires to influence intern pol decision

Question 24

why is todays cult dipl resembling the 19th cent non state actors model?

Answer 24

In the 19th century, non-state actors such as cultural and educational institutions played a significant role in cross-border interactions. Similarly, today’s cultural diplomacy is influenced by globalization, which has heightened interconnectedness, facilitating the involvement of non-state actors in international cultural exchanges.