5. Culture as an Asset of Soft Power. Cultural Diplomacy and Public Diplomacy Flashcards
how does Nye define culture?
the set of values and practices that create meaning for a society. it has many manifestations: common to distinguish betw. high culture such as literature art and education, which appeals to elites, and popular culture, which focuses on mass entertainment
what are less likely to produce soft power?
narrow values and parochial cultures
what do some analysts treat soft power as?
simply as popular cultural power
four paths of culture as an asset of soft power
events, institutions, ideologies and people
media
history of cultural diplomacy shows: hierarchical flows replaced nowadays by multidirectional flows, interpersonal encounters seem to be as important as chieving any political goals
what is cultural diplomacy?
subnetwork of public diplomacy, its relational type
a tool of foreign policy serving for promotion off the country by its culture and for the promotion of its culture
tool of FP serving for understanidn among actors of internatnioal relations, while involving them into interactions focused on culture
how ociepka defines cultural diplomacy
subnetwork of public diplomacy, its relational type, that suports the peaceful solution of international conflict. stems from EU govtl documents is reprstd in studies on cult diplomacy withn the body of public dipl
is cultural dipl hierarchical
no it is relational and potentially symmetric form of int rel, builds a platfrom for better understanding, while contributing to the creation of an international public sphere
relationships that result from particp n int exchanges and cult events construct a sphere for dialogue
what are objectives of cultural diplomacy?
to represent and to promote the country
develop a network of good human relations among diplomats, business partners and local communities
prevent conflicts and to keep the channels (of communication) open should any conflict occur
in the EU also to support civil society, understanding the thriving civil society organisations as means for conflict prevention
to maintain positive p2p relations IN SPITE OF political tensions
culture as a means of trust building
Dutch Thorbecke principle: art is not the business of government as the government cannot judge art, nor yt control it. hardly shared by authoritarian regimes
attracting involving exchanging: how to reach ho
cosmopolitan approach CD
Villanueva: area of thought and crtic. action: understanding the Other as an ethical compass for our treatment of others. end goal: prevent conflict, terror and war, engagng in cult dialogue
some government regulation in the field
german department for cultural relations within MFA
DAAD (Akademischer Austauschdienst)
Goethe Institut
British Council
US State Department: Division for Cultural Relations 1938
what institutions are there (5)
Confucius Institute 2004 (1000 planned in 2020)
Russkij Mir 2007
Treaties on bilateral cultural cooperation
promotion of language and culture
cultural exchanges facilitarion
what structures are there for CD?
societies, associations, foundations (NGOs, non state actors)
ministries of foreign affairs and ministries of culture (conflicting potential)
government agencies
cultural institutes attaches for culture at embassies
specialized agencies/associations for separate sectors (literature, film, theatre), committees, libraries, corners, cabinets
networking?
centralization or deregulation?
who is a celebrity in cultural diplomacy?
Paderewski
what people have to do in CD?
pol and cult elites at turn of 19th and 20th cent
artists and pop stars as soft power icons, influencers
paderewski
cultural diplomats: social capital of the cultural diplomacy network
how has the cultural diplomacy ideology changed?
cultural hegemony/domination
cultural imperialism
propaganda objectives
cultural pluralism
conflict prevention
win-win perspective: transcultural approaches and hybridity
cultural diplomacy for propaganda purposes
Cultural diplomacy as a network: Poland case
Ph. Taylor: public diplomacy consists of cultural diplomacy and intern broadcasting
what does C. Schneider say?
public diplomacy is all a nation wants (or tries to tell) to the world
what did the MFA see culture as?
one f the key fields where the MFA carries out its public diplomacy tass
after 1989, what happened in poland?
emphasize achievements of polands cultrue as part of coming back to europe
cultural diplomacy understood by Pol gov.: promotion of pol culture abroad and prom of poland via culture . prestige and image relevant
what are the structures of cd in the case of poland=
MFA and Ministry of Culture and Naional Heritage as the hubs, dealing with the tastk together with the Adam Mickiewicz Institute (IAM)
what is the IAMs remit?
permanent authentctn of poaland as link in int circulation of highes quality ideas, values, cultural goods
what is the IAMs remit a result of?
acknowledgement of language of branding and PD in CD. Sae time network model of int cultural relations. IAM presented online core of its strategy: increase the value of Polands brand .communicate the cultural dimentsion of polands brand in an increasingly effieicnt way- maintain rank 5th largest player in the european network of cultural exchange
gastrodiplomacy:
cultural diplomacy, winning hearts and minds thorugh stomacs, comb cult dipl culunary dipl
Milan 2015 mega event and city diplomacy. how does city PD differ from promotion of the city as a brand?
branding: city as entity
city diplomacy: interests of the citizenry and aspires to influence intern pol decision
why is todays cult dipl resembling the 19th cent non state actors model?
In the 19th century, non-state actors such as cultural and educational institutions played a significant role in cross-border interactions. Similarly, today’s cultural diplomacy is influenced by globalization, which has heightened interconnectedness, facilitating the involvement of non-state actors in international cultural exchanges.
