4: Public Diplomacy (History) Flashcards
What does Nye say on public diplomacy?
aimed a public opinion
what does Murrow (1963) say about PD:
interactions aimed not only at foreign governments but primarily with nongovernmental individuals and organizations, and often presented as a variety of private views in addition to government views
PD by Paul Sharp:
process by which direct relations with people in a country are pursued to advance the interests and extend the values of those being represented
PD according to Schneider:
PD is a narrative a nation wants to tell to the world
PD by Hans Tuch:
a governments process of communicating with foreign publics in an attempt to bring about understanding for its nations ideas and ideals, its institutitonsa nd culture, as well as its national goals and policies
define Narrative
is a story, ie an account of collected events, a coherent system of interrelated and sequentially organized stories that share a common rhetorical desire to resolve a conflict by establishing audience expectations
a system of stores
a master narrative: deeply embedded in culture. prvides a pattern for cultural life and social structure and creates a framework for communication
what are strategic narratives
means for political actors to construct a shared meaning of the past, present and future of int politics to shape the behvr of domest and int actors. tool for pol actors to extend their influence manage expcts and change the discoursive neironement
basic narrative of Germany
resp for WWII and Holocaust, basic narrative of the GFR, impact of history on countrys foreign policy culture
polarized societies: more than one basic narrative!
why is good night and good luck relevant
The narrative revolves around Edward R. Murrow’s (1975)
made television news integral part. commitment to journalistic integrity and his determination to challenge McCarthy’s tactics
The narrative examines power dynamics between the media and political figures.
an important Polish diplomat, artist, who was able to influence public opinion in many countries to bring the Polish cause to attention
Ignacy Paderewski: personal friend of President Woodrow Wilson: thriteenth point fourteen points speech of jan 1918
PD in Poland history
cultural sections at embassies and Polish Institutes
what is USIA? give information
The United States Information Agency (USIA) was an independent agency of the U.S. government that operated from 1953 to 1999. Its mission was to conduct public diplomacy and manage international information and cultural exchange programs. The USIA played a significant role during the Cold War era, where it sought to promote American values, counter Soviet influence, and enhance the image of the United States abroad. Here are key aspects of the USIA:
Establishment:
The USIA was established on August 1, 1953, by an executive order signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. It was created to centralize and coordinate U.S. public diplomacy efforts, which were previously scattered across different government agencies.
Public Diplomacy and Cultural Exchange:
Public diplomacy involves influencing foreign audiences through information, culture, and educational programs. The USIA engaged in various activities, including radio broadcasts, film screenings, cultural exchange programs, and publications, to convey American values and ideas to global audiences.
Cold War Focus:
During the Cold War, the USIA played a crucial role in the ideological struggle against communism. It aimed to counter Soviet propaganda and promote the principles of democracy, individual freedoms, and free-market capitalism.
Voice of America (VOA):
One of the key components of the USIA was the Voice of America (VOA), a government-funded international radio broadcaster. VOA provided news and information in multiple languages, presenting an American perspective on world events to counter the narratives presented by state-controlled media in communist countries.
Cultural and Educational Exchanges:
The USIA facilitated cultural and educational exchanges to foster understanding between Americans and people from other countries. Programs such as the Fulbright Exchange Program and the International Visitor Leadership Program were administered by the USIA.
USIA Libraries:
The USIA operated libraries around the world, known as “America Centers” or “USIA libraries.” These centers provided access to books, periodicals, films, and other resources to promote an understanding of American culture and society.
Dissemination of Information:
The USIA disseminated information through various media, including publications, documentaries, and exhibitions. It aimed to present a positive image of the United States and counteract negative perceptions.
Dissolution:
In 1999, the U.S. Information Agency was merged into the Department of State as part of a broader government reorganization. The functions of the USIA were integrated into the Bureau of International Information Programs (IIP), which continues to handle aspects of public diplomacy.
Legacy:
The legacy of the USIA lies in its contributions to public diplomacy and cultural exchange during a crucial period in global history. While the agency itself no longer exists, its mission and principles continue to influence how the United States engages with the world through public diplomacy efforts.
The USIA, with its emphasis on information, cultural exchange, and fostering mutual understanding, remains an important chapter in the history of U.S. international engagement and public diplomacy.
