4F - Body System Flashcards
Excretory System
renal
kidney
excretion
your body gets rid of waste it doesn’t need
kidneys functions
contribute to homeostasis
produce urine to remove nitrogenous waste
keep pH and salt/water balance of blood in a normal range
urine contents
95$water plus nitrogen waste
Ureters
Ureters are tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
bladder
stores pee
urethra
tube that caries urine from bladder to outside of ur body
renal artery
carries blood to the kidney
renal vein
carries blood from the kidney
aorta
carries blood from the hear to the kidney
Inferior vena caba
carries deoxygenated blood back 2 the heart
internal urethral sphincer
cmooth muscle under involuntary control
external urethral sphincer
skeletal muscle under voluntary control
renal cortex
the outer layer of the kidney that contains tiny filtering units called nephrons, which help clean the blood and make urine
renal medulla
the inner part of the kidney that contains pyramid-shaped structures, which help concentrate urine and transport it to the renal pelvis
(reabsorbtion)
renal pelvis
funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine from the renal medulla and passes it to the ureter
nephrons
Nephrons are tiny filtering units inside the kidneys that remove waste, toxins, and extra water from your blood, forming urine in the process.
microscopic, each kidney has over a million,several nephrons enter one collecting duct, made up of slender tubules1
afferent arteriole
dilated blood vessels
efferent arteriole
constricted blood vessel leaving the nephron
bowmans capsule
Bowman’s capsule is a cup-shaped structure in the nephron that collects filtered fluid from the glomerulus.
glomerulus
capillary netwoek, filtration DEVICE
ball of blood vessels inside the nephron responsible for blood filtration
responsible for transporting filtrate into bowmans capsule
impermeable to proteins RBCS so they dtay in the blood
proximal tube
The proximal tubule is the part of the nephron that reabsorbs nutrients, water, and important substances from the filtrate back into the blood.
decending loop of henle
part of the nephron where water is reabsorbed from the filtrate, making it more concentrated as it moves deeper into the kidney
ascending loop of henle
The ascending loop of Henle is a part of the nephron that reabsorbs salts (like sodium and chloride) but not water, making the filtrate less concentrated as it moves upward.
distal tubule
part of the nephron that fine-tunes the filtrate by reabsorbing salts and water and secreting additional waste, helping maintain the body’s balance of fluids and electrolytes
collecting duct
the final part of the nephron where water and salts are reabsorbed as needed, and urine is transported to the renal pelvis
how does h20 get out
passive
how does sodium get out
active
pathway of filtrate along the nephron into urine
filtrate flows from the glomerulus → Bowman’s capsule → proximal tubule → loop of Henle → distal tubule → collecting duct, where it becomes urine as water and salts are adjusted
four major steps in urine formation
golerular filtration, tubular reabsorbtion, tubular secretion, excretion of urine
what lines the distal convoluted tubule
mitochondria because a lot of energy is required to secrete blood into the nephron so like K+ and H+. anything coming in that has a positive charge needs to do active transport, while negatively and neutrally charged stuff gets in passively
if your blood is too acidic, what ions do u pee out vs reabsorb
H+ ions and you reabsorb HCO3 ion
if your blood is too basic, what ions do u pee out vs reabsorb
pee out HCO3 ions, reabsorb H+ ions
ADH
antidieuretic hormone that tells your kidneys youre thirsty, making the nephon permeable
