1A - Ecology Flashcards
Energy Flow Ecosystems
Population
All of the individuals of the same species living within the same specific area at the same time.
Community
The sum of all the populations living in a particular area and their interactions
Ecosystem
All the living things in a particular area tigether with abiotic and biotic parts of that environment
Biosphere
Collection of all ecosystems representing the zones of life on earth -> litho, hydro, and atmosphere.
Ecology
The scientific study of interatctions between organisms and the environment.
Biological levels of organization, arranged from simplest to most complex.
Organelle
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms
Populations
Communitites
Ecosystem
Biosphere
Chemosynthesis formula
6CO2 + 6H20 + 3H2S -> C6H1206 + 3HSO4
Chemosynthesis
the process by which food is made by bacteria or other living things using chemicals as the energy source, typically in the absence of sunlight (bad ass photosynthesis)
Difference between Energy cycle vs Matter cycle
The energy cycle is an OPEN SYSTEM, it enters as sunlight and leaves as heat druing transfers between trophic levels.
The matter cycle is a CLOSED SYSTEM, it is recycled. Remember law of conservation mass: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
Producer/ Autotrophs
Organisms that synthesize its own food from inorganic molecules using chemical or light energy.
Conusumers/ Heterotrophs
Organisms that cannot make its own food through photo or chemosynthesis and must get their nutrients from organic molecules formed by producers.
Cellular respiration
a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP, which may be used as energy to power many reactions throughout the body.
Cellular respiration formula
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Photosynthesis formula
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Phoyosynthesis
the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.
Tropic structure
a hierarhcy of feeding relationships which determine pathways for energy flow and nutrient cycling.
Food chain
the linear pathway thorugh which food is transferred from to producers and to pregressively higher feeding levels
First law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only change forms or move from one place to another
Second law of thermodynamics
No transformation or transfer is completelt efficient, some energy is alway lost in the form of heat.
10% rule/ rule of 10
energy transfer between trophic levels is typically on 10%
Ecological pyramids
describe quantitative relationships between trophic levels
Pyramid of numbers
is based on the number of organisms in each trophic level
Pyramid of energy
based on the total amount if energy in each trophic level
Pyramid of biomass
based on the biomass of organisms in each tropic level.
Biomass
The mass of living biological organisms or material in a given area or ecosysten at any given time
Endotherms
Use thermal energy generated by metabolism to maintain homeostatic (equilibrium) body temperatures
Ectotherms
Lack efficient internal mechanisms for maintaining body temperatures
May regulate temperature behaviourally by moving into sun or shade or aggregating with other individuals
Metabolic rate
Amount of energy expended by an animal over a specific ain’t of time
-a net gain in energy can result in energy storage or growth
-a net loss of energy can result in loss of mass or death
-smaller the organism, higher the metabolic rate
