1A - Ecology Flashcards

Energy Flow Ecosystems

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1
Q

Population

A

All of the individuals of the same species living within the same specific area at the same time.

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2
Q

Community

A

The sum of all the populations living in a particular area and their interactions

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3
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the living things in a particular area tigether with abiotic and biotic parts of that environment

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4
Q

Biosphere

A

Collection of all ecosystems representing the zones of life on earth -> litho, hydro, and atmosphere.

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5
Q

Ecology

A

The scientific study of interatctions between organisms and the environment.

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6
Q

Biological levels of organization, arranged from simplest to most complex.

A

Organelle
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms
Populations
Communitites
Ecosystem
Biosphere

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7
Q

Chemosynthesis formula

A

6CO2 + 6H20 + 3H2S -> C6H1206 + 3HSO4

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8
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

the process by which food is made by bacteria or other living things using chemicals as the energy source, typically in the absence of sunlight (bad ass photosynthesis)

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9
Q

Difference between Energy cycle vs Matter cycle

A

The energy cycle is an OPEN SYSTEM, it enters as sunlight and leaves as heat druing transfers between trophic levels.

The matter cycle is a CLOSED SYSTEM, it is recycled. Remember law of conservation mass: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

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10
Q

Producer/ Autotrophs

A

Organisms that synthesize its own food from inorganic molecules using chemical or light energy.

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11
Q

Conusumers/ Heterotrophs

A

Organisms that cannot make its own food through photo or chemosynthesis and must get their nutrients from organic molecules formed by producers.

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12
Q

Cellular respiration

A

a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP, which may be used as energy to power many reactions throughout the body.

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13
Q

Cellular respiration formula

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

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13
Q

Photosynthesis formula

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

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14
Q

Phoyosynthesis

A

the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

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15
Q

Tropic structure

A

a hierarhcy of feeding relationships which determine pathways for energy flow and nutrient cycling.

16
Q

Food chain

A

the linear pathway thorugh which food is transferred from to producers and to pregressively higher feeding levels

17
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only change forms or move from one place to another

18
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

No transformation or transfer is completelt efficient, some energy is alway lost in the form of heat.

19
Q

10% rule/ rule of 10

A

energy transfer between trophic levels is typically on 10%

20
Q

Ecological pyramids

A

describe quantitative relationships between trophic levels

21
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

is based on the number of organisms in each trophic level

22
Q

Pyramid of energy

A

based on the total amount if energy in each trophic level

23
Q

Pyramid of biomass

A

based on the biomass of organisms in each tropic level.

24
Q

Biomass

A

The mass of living biological organisms or material in a given area or ecosysten at any given time

25
Q

Endotherms

A

Use thermal energy generated by metabolism to maintain homeostatic (equilibrium) body temperatures

26
Q

Ectotherms

A

Lack efficient internal mechanisms for maintaining body temperatures
May regulate temperature behaviourally by moving into sun or shade or aggregating with other individuals

27
Q

Metabolic rate

A

Amount of energy expended by an animal over a specific ain’t of time
-a net gain in energy can result in energy storage or growth
-a net loss of energy can result in loss of mass or death
-smaller the organism, higher the metabolic rate