3A - Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Photosynthesis powerpoint 1/2
Starch
Starch is the main way plant cells store energy in the form of glucose
Where is chlorophyll located?
in the thylakoid membranes (inner and outer)
Where are chloroplasts found?
Mainly in the cells of the mesophyll, interior tissue of the leaf
How many chloroplasts are located in each mesophyll?
30-40 chloroplasts
Stomata
microscopic pores in the leaf that CO2 enters and O2 exits from
Endothermic
Requires energy to complete chemical reactions
Photosynthesis
Exothermic
Emits heat when chemical reaction happens
cell resp?
What kind of process is photosynthesis
a redox reaction
What seperate sets of chemical reactions does photosynthesis consist of?
Light-dependent and light-independent reactions
Light-dependent reactions
Light reactions
are the “photo” or the light part
Light-independent reactions
dark reactions
are called the calvin cycle (the synthesis part) (aka when glucose is made)
cellulose
in cell walls
linkeed sugars
Chlorophyl
The pigment which gives leaves their green color, resides in the thyroid membranes
Oxidation
The atom loses electrons and has the ability to give those electrons away.
Reducing agent
When oxidation occurs electrons are up for the taking and that means the atom causes the atom that picks up those electrons to reduce so it is a reducing agent
Reduction
Atom gains electrons, becomes more negative
Oxidizing agent
When reduction occurs an atom is picking up an electron becoming more negative. This means that electron is taken from the reducing agent meaning the atom that has just picked up the electron is an oxidizing agent because it made the other one more positive.
In photosynthesis, what is being oxidized?
H2O
In photosynthesis, what is the reducing agent?
H2O
In photosynthesis, what is being reduced
Carbon dioxide CO2
In photosynthesis, what is the oxidizing agent?
CO2 carbon dioxide
What is a reducing power?
High energy form that has the ability to give away electrons.
Photons
Discrete particles that light consists of
Chlorophyl is most efficient on which energy spectra?
High energy spectra
Around 400700/purple and red
Reflect green light
What is an excited electron?
An excited electron is when a pigment absorbs light, and it goes from a ground state to an excited state, which is unstable
What happens when excited electrons fall back to the ground state?
Photons are given off, and afterglow called fluorescence
If illuminated an isolated solution of chlorophyl with flu, flu fluorescent, giving off light and heat
Electron acceptors
accept electrons and pass them off to electron carriers
Electron carriers
It is a form of electron acceptors
Carry or pass on electrons
What is hydrolysis?
The splitting of H2O
Oxygen is a waste product
Hydrogen is pumped into the concentration gradient
The electron lost goes from photosynthesis to to replace the electron that was carried into photosynthesis one
Where (in organelle) do light dependent reactions happen?
Along the thylakoid membrane
Describe the synthesis of ATP from the beginning, which is photosynthesis two
- Light hits reaction centre and H2O enters the cell as well.
- Hydrolysis occurs, the hydrogen is released into the lumen oxygen is lost as waste
- The electron travels from the reaction centre through carrier proteins all the way to photosynthesis one.
- The electron has lost energy and is no longer excited. That lost electron from photosynthesis to replaces the previous electron and continues its way through the electron transport system.
- That electron is used to make an NADPH because the H at the end
- The hydrogens that came in from the stoma and are now in the lumen are pumped through ATP Cynthis forming energy, which is ATP and hydrogen hydrogen atoms are pumped back into the stroma and used again for photosynthesis two.
What is a reaction center?
Which receive energy except electrons excite electrons and pass it along
Chemiosmosis
The movement of hydrogen ions across the membrane via ATP synthase
Explain the steps of the Calvin cycle
Carbon fixation
-> RuBp accepts the CO2
-> the forming of a 6-carbon chain is catalyzed by an enzyme called Rubisco
-> the chain is very unstable and quickly degrades/ gets cleaved into 2- 3 carbon chains
-> they become reduced/gain electrons from atp and nadph->adp and nadp+
-> 6 G3P are made
-> 5 go to make glucose, 1 goes to regenerate the RuBp to restart cycle with atp.
