3A - Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Starch

Answer 1

Starch is the main way plant cells store energy in the form of glucose

Question 2

Where is chlorophyll located?

Answer 2

in the thylakoid membranes (inner and outer)

Question 3

Where are chloroplasts found?

Answer 3

Mainly in the cells of the mesophyll, interior tissue of the leaf

Question 4

How many chloroplasts are located in each mesophyll?

Answer 4

30-40 chloroplasts

Question 5

Stomata

Answer 5

microscopic pores in the leaf that CO2 enters and O2 exits from

Question 6

Endothermic

Answer 6

Requires energy to complete chemical reactions
Photosynthesis

Question 7

Exothermic

Answer 7

Emits heat when chemical reaction happens
cell resp?

Question 8

What kind of process is photosynthesis

Answer 8

a redox reaction

Question 9

What seperate sets of chemical reactions does photosynthesis consist of?

Answer 9

Light-dependent and light-independent reactions

Question 10

Light-dependent reactions

Answer 10

Light reactions
are the “photo” or the light part

Question 11

Light-independent reactions

Answer 11

dark reactions
are called the calvin cycle (the synthesis part) (aka when glucose is made)

Question 12

cellulose

Answer 12

in cell walls
linkeed sugars

Question 13

Chlorophyl

Answer 13

The pigment which gives leaves their green color, resides in the thyroid membranes

Question 14

Oxidation

Answer 14

The atom loses electrons and has the ability to give those electrons away.

Question 15

Reducing agent

Answer 15

When oxidation occurs electrons are up for the taking and that means the atom causes the atom that picks up those electrons to reduce so it is a reducing agent

Question 16

Reduction

Answer 16

Atom gains electrons, becomes more negative

Question 17

Oxidizing agent

Answer 17

When reduction occurs an atom is picking up an electron becoming more negative. This means that electron is taken from the reducing agent meaning the atom that has just picked up the electron is an oxidizing agent because it made the other one more positive.

Question 18

In photosynthesis, what is being oxidized?

Answer 18

H2O

Question 19

In photosynthesis, what is the reducing agent?

Answer 19

H2O

Question 20

In photosynthesis, what is being reduced

Answer 20

Carbon dioxide CO2

Question 21

In photosynthesis, what is the oxidizing agent?

Answer 21

CO2 carbon dioxide

Question 22

What is a reducing power?

Answer 22

High energy form that has the ability to give away electrons.

Question 23

Photons

Answer 23

Discrete particles that light consists of

Question 24

Chlorophyl is most efficient on which energy spectra?

Answer 24

High energy spectra
Around 400700/purple and red
Reflect green light

Question 25

What is an excited electron?

Answer 25

An excited electron is when a pigment absorbs light, and it goes from a ground state to an excited state, which is unstable

Question 26

What happens when excited electrons fall back to the ground state?

Answer 26

Photons are given off, and afterglow called fluorescence

If illuminated an isolated solution of chlorophyl with flu, flu fluorescent, giving off light and heat

Question 27

Electron acceptors

Answer 27

accept electrons and pass them off to electron carriers

Question 28

Electron carriers

Answer 28

It is a form of electron acceptors
Carry or pass on electrons

Question 29

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 29

The splitting of H2O
Oxygen is a waste product
Hydrogen is pumped into the concentration gradient
The electron lost goes from photosynthesis to to replace the electron that was carried into photosynthesis one

Question 30

Where (in organelle) do light dependent reactions happen?

Answer 30

Along the thylakoid membrane

Question 31

Describe the synthesis of ATP from the beginning, which is photosynthesis two

Answer 31

1. Light hits reaction centre and H2O enters the cell as well.
2. Hydrolysis occurs, the hydrogen is released into the lumen oxygen is lost as waste
3. The electron travels from the reaction centre through carrier proteins all the way to photosynthesis one.
4. The electron has lost energy and is no longer excited. That lost electron from photosynthesis to replaces the previous electron and continues its way through the electron transport system.
5. That electron is used to make an NADPH because the H at the end
6. The hydrogens that came in from the stoma and are now in the lumen are pumped through ATP Cynthis forming energy, which is ATP and hydrogen hydrogen atoms are pumped back into the stroma and used again for photosynthesis two.

Question 32

What is a reaction center?

Answer 32

Which receive energy except electrons excite electrons and pass it along

Question 33

Chemiosmosis

Answer 33

The movement of hydrogen ions across the membrane via ATP synthase

Question 34

Explain the steps of the Calvin cycle

Answer 34

Carbon fixation
-> RuBp accepts the CO2
-> the forming of a 6-carbon chain is catalyzed by an enzyme called Rubisco
-> the chain is very unstable and quickly degrades/ gets cleaved into 2- 3 carbon chains
-> they become reduced/gain electrons from atp and nadph->adp and nadp+
-> 6 G3P are made
-> 5 go to make glucose, 1 goes to regenerate the RuBp to restart cycle with atp.