2A - Evolution Flashcards
Chapter 3
What is a Niche?
Role in an environment
What is an Organism?
Individual of a species
Organism groups in order of least complex to most complex?
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
Three domains of life
Bacteria, Eukarya, Archea.
Bacteria
- Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms
- Lack membrane bound cells
- Reproducea sexually
- Heterotrophic by absorbtion
- Autotrophic by chemo or photosynthesis
- Move using flagella
- “binary fission” = cloning to reproduce
What are Eukarya?
- Eukaryotic, unicellular to multicellular organisms
- Membrane bound nucleus
- Sexual reproduction
- Phenotypes and nutrition are diverse
- Each kingdom has specializations
- Flagella, if present, have a 9+2 organization.
What are the four kingdoms within the domain or Eukarya?
Protisa, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Whats some more information on Protisa?
- “Protists”
- Often parasitic
- between a plant and an animal cell
- mostly multicellular, sometimes unicellular
How do you classify/ name organisms?
- Bimomial nomenclature
- Includes the organisms genus and species, usually in latin
- Genus goes first and is capitalized
- Species os second and is little letters
- ITALICIZED OR UNDERLINED
What are Archea?
-Prokaryotic unicellular organisms
- Lack member bound nucleus
- Many are autotrophic by chemosynthesis, some are heterotrophic by absorbtion
- Unique RNA base sequence
- Distinctive plasma membraine and cell wall chemistry
- Extremophiles
dichotomous key
A dichotomous key is a branched or stepped process that can
be used to identify organisms.
What affects patterns of distribution of life
Abiotic factors such as:
1. climate,
2. latitude,
3. elevation,
4. temperature,
5. humidity,
6. moisture,
7. salinity,
8. and light .
Habitat
A place or area with a biome or ecosystem that has a particular set of biotic and abiotic characteristics
Basically, where organisms live.
Levels of organization
species/indiv
pop
com
ecos
biome
biosphere
What is an organisms range?
The geological area where the organism is found
What are limiting factors
Any abiotic or biotic element that controls the number of individuals in a population.
Examples:
Competition
Predation
Parasites
What are the two types of competition
- Intraspecific competition: between members of the same species.
ex: finding a mate, and territory - Interspecific competition: between members of different species
ex: hyenas & lions/cheetas
What is symbiosis/symbiotic relationships?
Long term relationship between different organisms/ species
3 types of symbiosis
- Mutualism: Both org.’s benefit
- Parasitism: One org. benefits, the other is harmed.
- Commensalism: One org. benefits, the other remains neutral
