4D-Gel electrophoresis Flashcards
KEY TERM - Gel Electrophoresis
A lab technique that separates DNA fragments based on their Molecular size
KEY TERM - Standard ladder
A mixture of DNA fragments of an already known length that are used to measure against the DNA being examined
KEY TERM - Well
A indent in the gel into which a DNA sample is loaded
KEY TERM - Agarose gel
A sponge like gel full of pores for DNA fragments to move through
KEY TERM - Buffer
A ion-rich solution that carries electrical current through the agarose gel
KEY TERM - Electrode
Condcutors of electricity that are attached to both ends of a gel allowing an electrical current to pass through it
KEY TERM - Band
A line seen in the gel after running gel electrophoresis representing a group of DNA or protein fragments of the same size that have migrated through the gel and are visualized after staining
KEY TERM - Ethidium Bromide
A fluorescent dye that binds to DNA fragments in a gel and allows them to be easily visualised under ultraviolet light
KEY TERM - Kilobase (kb or kbp)
A unit of measurement that means 1000 nucleotides.
KEY TERM - Base pair (bp)
A unit of measuremnet that corresponds to one nucleotide
KEY TERM - Genetic testing
Screening an individual’s DNA for abnormalities
KEY TERM - DNA profiling
The process of identifying people through their genome
KEY TERM - Short Tandem Repeats (STR)
Short, repeated sequences of nucleotides found in the non-coding regions of nuclear DNA
After the dyed DNA is pipetted into the wells-
We connect a negative charge to the well side, and a postive charge to the other side
Once hooked up to the electric charge-
The DNA moves through the gel to the positively charged side, due to phosphate groups making the DNA negatively charged. The ones with less base pairs are lighter, and move further through the gel.
Genes are -
specific sections of DNA
A chromosome is
DNA tlightly knit with histones to create it’s shape
Alleles are
Different variations you receive from parents of genes
