(47) Intestinal and Colonic Absorption

Question 1

(Absorption: Intestine)

1. What seven things are absorbed by the small intestine

SMALVIC

Answer 1

1. solutes/water
2. monosaccharides
3. amino acids
4. lipids
5. vitamins
6. iron
7. calcium

Question 2

(absorption: colon)

what 3 things are absorbed by colon

Answer 2

1. solutes/water
2. ammonia
3. SCFAs

Question 3

(absorption: gallbladder)

what one thing in absorbed by this?

Answer 3

1. solutes/water

Question 4

think we already covered this - but here it is again

Question 5

we covered this too - but now everything is opposite now

Question 6

an aside

1-3. name three portal systems

Answer 6

1. hepatic
2. hypophyseal-pituitary
3. pancreas

Question 7

give this a gander

Question 8

(Na+ Co-transporters)

1. What is the Jejunum specialized to take up using Na+?
2. ileum?

Answer 8

1. NaHCO3
2. NaCl

(plus read the read of the co-transporters and look at diagram)

Question 9

take a look - have done this before…

Question 10

learn this

Question 11

check this out - you have seen this before

Question 12

in brush border epithelium there are special transporters for these three types of AA

Question 13

look at this too

remember that oligopeptides can be absorbed too (toads)

Question 14

Look over this too - you have had this before

Answer 14

but learn this quite well - remember Johne’s disease relative to this as well - went over this earlier so revisit that if you need to

Question 15

(Absorption in the Intestine and Colon)

1. What are the four fat soluble vitamins? What form with bile salts?
2. What are the 5 water soluble vitamins? These are all coupled to what?
3. What vitamin requires a binding protein as well as a transport protein? mediated by what?

Answer 15

1. A, D, E, K; micelles (readily go through intestinal epithelium) - get bleeding if not absorbed cause K is involved in that somehow
2. B complex, C, folate, nicotinate, pantothenate; Na+-coupled
3. (cobalamin) vitamin B12; intrinsic factor mediated

(after B12 binding to intrinsic factor it goes gets absorbed through protein receptors in the brush border of intestine)

Question 16

(Absorption in the Intestine and Colon)

(Divalent Cations - Iron and Calcium)

1-3. What are the three major sites of action of calcium?

(plus learn that)

Answer 16

1. intestine
2. kidney
3. bone

Question 17

(Absorption in the Intestine and the Colon)

(What is ingested in the colon?) there are three

4. does the colon have villi?

Answer 17

1. solutes/water
2. ammonia
3. SCFAs
4. no

Question 18

(Absorption in Colon)

note the use of aldosterone here to reclaim Na

Question 19

note in particular the movement of nitrogen here

this is colon by the way

Question 20

I guess this happens in colon too - you’ve seen this before

Question 21

(Differences between small and large intestine)

For each say if present or absent (unless other options indicated)

1. villi
2. brush border microvilli (prominent, sparse)
3. goblet cells (abundant or sparse)
4. endocrine cells (give how many cell types)
5. crypt –> epithelial migration (slow or rapid)
6. AA absorption
7. glucose absorption
8. lipid absorption
9. vitaimin absorption
10. glucose/Na absorption
11. SCFA prod./absorption (minimal or prominent)

Answer 21

1. present, absent
2. prominent, sparse
3. sparse, abundant
4. >20 cells, 3 cell types
5. rapid, slow
6. present, absent
7. present, absent
8. present, absent
9. present, absent
10. present, absent
11. minimal prominent

Question 22

(Medical Therapy of Malabsorptive Disorders)

1. Re-hydration… take advantage of what? feed electrolyte soutions to facilitate what?

2-5. What are those Anti-Diarrheal Agents again?

Answer 22

1. Na-glucose co-transporter; sodium and water absorption
2. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibition
3. u-delta opiod agonists
4. 5-HT3 serotonergic antagonists
5. a2 - adrenergic agonists

(this is an example of the gatorade effect)