(43) Biliary Secretion Flashcards
(Species Differences: Biliary Tract Anatomy)
- What species don’t have a gallbladder (continuously secreting)?
- Canine?
- feline?
- pros and cons of gallbladder?
- rat, horse, gopher, deer
- single gallbladder
- double gallbladder (many different forms)
- pros: storage of bile salts
good for horses not to have one cause they need to eat all of the time
(Species Differences: Biliary Ductal Anatomy)
check it out
feline has common bile duct
sometimes in cats with inflammatory bowel diease - it can lead to polengitis and pancreatits (these three go together a lot in cats basically)
(Anatomic Units of Biliary Secretion)
(Several vessels to account for)
- hepatic artery in black - transporting what into the liver? This blood is being transported where which makes it what?
- Portal blood from the gut - also going where?
- What type of bile flow?
- Give me the order of bile flow (4 of them)
- bile goes where for those who have storage? for those that don’t?
- oxygenated blood; transported in to the center of the gland, making it centripedal
- to the center
- centrifugal blood flow
- hepatocytes –> canaliculi –> ductules –> ducts
- gallbladder; small intestine
(Composition of Bile)
- What account for 1/2 to 2/3 of total bile solutes?
- Also contains water, electrolytes, cholesterol, phospholipids, bilirubin, hormones, and protein
- What constituents are reabsorbed in the gallbladder? What happens to other constituents?
- bilirubin accoutns for color
- bile salts
2.
- water and electrolytes; they are concentrated
(Three Functions of Biliary Secretion)
1-3 name them
- excretory route –> drugs and metabolites
- HCO3 –> acid neutralization
- Bile salts –> fat digestion and absorption
(4 Components of Regulation of Biliary Secretion)
1-4. There are four - name them…
- acetylcholine (gallbladder)
- autonomic innervation - parasympathetic - feeding stimulatetes neural and hormonal activation - stimulates contraction and release of bile into small intestine - CCK (cholecystokinin)
contraction of gallbladder - relaxation of sphincter of Oddi
- Secretin
bile - reduces acidity via HCO3 release
- Bile Salts
bile salt return from intestine to the liver stimulate futher bile flow (bile salt dependent flow)
(Cholesterol and Bile Acid Synthesis)
- What kind of ring structure?
- five or eight carbon side chain terminating in what?
- Where are the hyrdoxyl groups located?
- steroid 4-ring structure
- carboxylic acid
- C3, C7, C12
more hydroxyl groups means more hyrdophilic
(Conjugation of Bile Acids: Species Differences)
(these are secondarily conjugated in the small intestine)
(conjugated with taurine or glycine)
- Dogs and cats conjugate primarily with what?
- Dogs can convert to what?
- Cats are obligate what?
- taurine
- glycine conjugation
- taurine conjugators
(Role of Bile Salts in Fat Digestion and Absorption)
1-2. What are the two roles?
- What is the effect of emulsification?
- bile salts are transported to where - where they are reabsorbed and sent to liver?
- emulsification
- micellarization
- triglyceride –> (pancreatic lipase) –> monoglyceride + 2 ffa + glycerol
(learn this graph pretty well)
know that lacteal = intestinal lymphatics
can also go into portal capillaries - go into liver - redistributed into systemic circulation - DIFFERENCE in the ones going into portal - medium chain (c8-c12) - taken up preferentially into portal capillaries - short and long are taken up by lymphatic system (c4-8, c14-18)
lymphatic disease in dairy cow - Johne’s disease - sever wasting disease - infection and inflammation of that lacteal system - don’t get lipids moving from gut into circulation - wasting
dogs also get this - intestinal lymphanagia
so you solve these by feeding medium TGs that go through protal capillary
- ileum (enterohepatic circulation)
(actually should look at this whole slide - its on the pad)
(Enterohepatic re-ciculation of bile salts)
learn this bitch
(Bile Acid - Induced Tissue Injury)
1-3. What three things can be injured by bile acid?
- What occurs if the biliary duct is blocked?
- stomach
- esophagus (reflux esophagitis)
- distal colon (colonic diarrhea)
- accumulation of bile salts in the liver (hepatocyte apoptosis)
(Integration of Function - Biliary, Pancreatic, and Intestinal Secretion)
1-3. What three ways are synergy achieved?
- neural (cholinergic innervation of gallbladder (contraction to move bile salts into small intestine), duodenum, pancreas)
- endocrine
secretin - stimulates pancreatic ductal cells to release HCO3- into intestine, also stimulates epithelial cells in intestine to release HCO3- (think there is a third here)
CCK - gallbladder contraction and relaxation of sphincter of Oddi
- paracrine
bile salt effect on stimulation of bile flow
(Questions to think about)
1-3. Name three clinical signs of biliary obstruction
- weight loss (loss of lipid digestion - lipid malnutrition)
- increased lipid in poo - smelly poo
3a. jaundice
3b. change in color of feces (bilirubin)
(Questions to think about)
- advantage
