(45) Hydrolytic Digestion Flashcards
(Sites of hyrdolytic Digestion)
1-2. Name the two types of digestion (where they occur) - plus what is digested at each site
- luminal digestion (carbohydrate, protein, lipid)
- brush border digestion (in intestine) (maltose, peptides, monoglycerides)
(Carbohydrate Digestion/Absorption)
- what enzyme resides in the mouth and non-sepcially cleaves shizz
- what enzyme works on trehalose (from mushrooms)? to make what?
- lactose?
- sucrose?
- Starch, glycogen, sucrose, fructose, lactose, trehalose are all made into what?
- amylase
- trehalase, glucose
- lactase, glucose and galactose
- sucrase, glucose and fructose
- monosaccharides
(Signs of Carbohydrate malassimilation)
1-4. What are the four signs?
- fluid diarrhea
- weight loss
- borborygmus (rumbling due to movement in intestines - bacteria producing gassss)
- flatulence
(Disorders Characterized by Carbohydrate Metabolism)
1-2. Luminal Maldigestion
3-6. brush border maldigestion
- membrane malabsorption
- exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
- small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
- exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
- small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
- small intestinal mucosal disease
- disaccharaidase deficiency
- small intestinal mucosal disease
(Protein Digestion/Absorption)
- What digests in stomach? comes from what which is activated by what?
- Does bulk of digestion occur in small intestine? what converts trypsinogen to trypsin? What does trypsin go on to do?
- What are the proteins broken down into?
- can oligopeptides be directly absorbed? when is this not a good thing?
- pepsin - from pepsinogen which is made into pepsin via low pH
- yes; enterokinase; convert other zymogens to active forms
- amino acids, di and tri peptides, oligopeptides
- yes; frog-skin neurotoxins
1-2. What are the two signs of protein malassimilation?
- weight loss
- +/- diarrhea
(may only get weight loss)
(Take a look at this)
note that the first two are the same as previous except for
food allergy/sensitivity reactions
and last three are all different
listen 3/15/2013 8 AM from for this slide… I’m sorry - sick and all you know
(Lipid Digestion/Absorption)
- Triglycerides (the mian one) are digested via what three enzymes? into what?
- cholesterol is digested via what enzyme? made into what?
- phospholipid?
- lingual, gastric, and pancreatic (main one in animals) lipases; monoglyceride, fatty acid, and glycerol
- cholesterol ester hyrdolase; cholesterol and fatty acid
- phospholipase A2; lysolechitin and fatty acid
(Signs of Lipid Malassimilation)
1-3 what are they?
- steatorrhea (excess fat in feces)
- malodrous feces
- weight loss
here we go again…
gastrinoma - tumor of gastrin producing cells - luminal lipid maldigestion - goes to pancreatic acinar cels to get them to secrete zymogens - also binds parietal cells and gets them to secrete acid into stomach - so too much acid means ulcers
(Prerequisites for Fermentative Digestion)
1-4. What are the four?
- reservoir - retention of ingesta, microbes
- oxygen content - anaerboic environment
- acidity - suitable pH range (6-7)
- removal mechanism - of end products
(Proximal Colon)
- Consists of what parts of colon?
- what type of muscle movement
- what type of peristalsis?
- mixining of what?
- extraction of what?
- ascending and transverse
- segmentation
- anti-peristalsis
- contents
- water
(Distal Colon)
- What part of colon?
- What purpose does it serve?
- what type of movement?
- defecation
- distal colon
- stoarge
- massive movement
(Oxygen Content - Anareobic Environment)
- Colonic bacteria - strict aerobes or anaerobes?
(Oxygen introduced in food and water)
- diffuse across what?
- used by what?
- serves as a what?
- fermentation produces what?
- anaerobes
- foregut epithelium
- facultative anaerobes
- electron acceptor
- metabolic H2
bicarbonate main thing used to offset this - in ruminants and in domestic
note that Ac- is acetate and HAc is acetic acid
takes place in distal gut (proximal colon) of domestic, rumen, pregastric fermentation of kangaroo
check this out
