4.6.1.4 DNA and the Genome Flashcards

1
Q

What is genetic material in the nucleus of a cell composed of?

A

genetic material in the nucleus of a cell is composed of a chemical called DNA

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2
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A
  • DNA is a polymer made up of 2 strands forming a double helix
  • the DNA is contained in structures called chromosomes
  • between the 2 strands are the 4 nitrogenous bases lined up in single rows - these come together to form a series of complementary pairs
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3
Q

Gene:

A
  • a small section of DNA on a chromosome
  • a triplet of bases codes for a specific protein
  • each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids, together a chain of amino acids can join to make a protein
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4
Q

Genome:

A

the entire genetic material of an organism

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5
Q

How much of the human genome has been studied and how may this be important in the future?

A

the whole human genome has now been studied and this will have great importance for medicine in the future

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6
Q

Importance of understanding the human genome:

A
  • improved understanding through search for genes linked to different types of disease
  • understanding and treatment of inherited disorders
  • has helped in tracing human migration patterns from the past
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