4.3.3.1 Detection and Identification of Plant Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Mineral deficiency:

A
  • Situation where a plant cannot get enough of a particular mineral from the soil for healthy growth
  • Different minerals are needed for different reasons as each one provides different symptoms of mineral deficiency
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2
Q

How can mineral deficiencies be stopped (externally) in plants?

A

Extra minerals can be provided through fertilisers to stop mineral deficiencies

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3
Q

What are the different mineral deficiencies in plants?

A
  • Nitrate deficiency
  • Phosphate/Phosphorous deficiency
  • Potassium deficiency
  • Magnesium deficiency
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4
Q

Symptoms of nitrate deficiency in plants:

A
  • Poor growth
  • Yellow leaves
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5
Q

Symptoms of phosphate/phosphorous deficiency in plants:

A
  • Poor root growth
  • Discoloured leaves
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6
Q

Symptoms of potassium deficiency in plants:

A
  • Poor growth of fruit and flowers
  • Discoloured leaves
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7
Q

Symptoms of magnesium deficiency in plants:

A

Yellow leaves - as magnesium is needed to make chlorophyll and a deficiency of it means the leaves won’t be green as chlorophyll is a green pigment and needs magnesium to be made

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8
Q

How do plants absorb minerals?

A
  • Plants can only absorb soluble minerals (those that can dissolve in water)
  • They absorb minerals dissolved in solution from the soil through their root hair cells
  • The concentration of minerals in the soil is very low
  • Minerals can’t be absorbed by osmosis as this is the movement of only water molecules
  • Cannot be absorbed by diffusion, because minerals are in very low concentration
  • Active transport used to absorb mineral
  • Root hair cells have carrier molecules on their cell membrane
  • The carrier molecules pick up the mineral ions and move them across the membrane into the cell going against the concentration gradient
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9
Q

How can the identification of plant diseases be made?

A
  • Reference to gardening manual or website
  • Taking infected plants to a laboratory to identify the pathogen
  • Using testing kits that contain monoclonal antibodies
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10
Q

How can plants be infected?

A

By a range of viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens as well as by insects

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11
Q

Plants can be damaged by a range of iron deficiency conditions, which are:

A
  • Stunted growth caused by nitrate deficiency
  • Chlorosis caused by magnesium deficiency
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