4.3.1.3 Bacterial Diseases

Question 1

What type of pathogen is salmonella food poisoning caused by?

Answer 1

bacteria Salmonella

Question 2

What is Salmonella one of the key global causes of?

Answer 2

1 of 4 key global causes of diarrhoeal diseases

Question 3

How is Salmonella transmitted?

Answer 3

• food poisoning spread by bacteria ingested in food
• spread by food prepared in unhygienic conditions
• spread through eating contaminated food that is undercooked or raw e.g. poultry eggs, meat and untreated mill and dairy products
• can also be spread by an infected person e.g. through inadequate had washing after using the WC and/or during food handling

Question 4

What are the symptoms of Salmonella?

Answer 4

• most cases of salmonellosis are mild, however sometimes can be life-threatening
• diarrhoe
• stomach ramps
• fever
• vomiting
• all caused by toxins Salmonella bacteria secrete

Question 5

What is the treatment for Salmonella?

Answer 5

• no cure
• in severe cases, intravenous fluids used to keep someone hydrated and antibiotics used
• most cases rest and drinking fluid is sufficient

Question 6

How can the spread of Salmonella be prevented/controlled?

Answer 6

• vaccinate poultry against Salmonella to control its spread
• good personal hygiene - wash hands thorough after using WC, before preparing food and handling raw food, before eating meals and after playing with animals
• don’t sell infected chickens
• give animals with Salmonella antibiotics
• keep Salmonella infected animals isolated from rest of animals
• cook all food thoroughly
• wash hands throughly after handling food
• don’t share cutlery
• disinfect clothes + surfaces
• avoid cross contamination from raw to cooked or ready to eat foods
• don’t use raw eggs in ready to eat dishes e.g. mayonnaise or mousse

Question 7

What type of pathogen is gonorrhoea caused by?

Answer 7

caused by bacteria Gonorrhoea

Question 8

What does gonorrhoea cause?

Answer 8

• can cause infections in genitals, rectum and throat
• very common infections esp. among young. people ages 15-24

Question 9

How is gonorrhoea transmitted?

Answer 9

• it’s an STD - transmitted through sexual contact
• pregnant woman with gonorrhoea can give infection to baby during birth

Question 10

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

Answer 10

• burning sensation when urinating
• thick white, yellow, or green discharge from vagina or penis
• men: painful or swollen testicles
• women: vaginal bleeding between periods

Question 11

What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?

Answer 11

caused by a bacteria and easily treated with the antibiotic penicillin until many resistant strains appear

Question 12

How can the spread of gonorrhoea be controlled/prevented?

Answer 12

• by being in a long-tern nuptially monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and has negative STD test results
• use of barrier method of contraception e.g. using latex condoms correctly during sexual intercourse
• can also be controlled through use of treatment by antibiotics
• abstinence
• wash hands after urinating