4.5.3.4 Hormones in Human Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What takes place during puberty?

A

during puberty reproductive hormones cause secondary sex characteristics to develop

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2
Q

What main hormone is produce in the ovary?

A

oestrogen is the main female reproductive hormone produced in the ovary

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3
Q

What happens to eggs in females at puberty?

A

at puberty eggs begin to mature and one is released approx. every 28 days - ovulation

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4
Q

What is the main male reproductive hormone and what does it stimulate?

A

testosterone is the main male reproductive hormone produced by the testes and it stimulates sperm production

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5
Q

Where is FSH secreted?

A

secreted from pituitary gland

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6
Q

What does FSH do?

A
  • causes maturation of an egg in the ovary
  • stimulated ovaries to produce oestrogen
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7
Q

Where is LH secreted?

A

pituitary gland

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8
Q

What does LH do?

A
  • stimulates the release of the egg
  • increased levels of oestrogen causes increased levels of LH
  • stimulates tissue of a mature egg
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9
Q

Where is oestrogen produced?

A

made and secreted from the ovaries

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10
Q

What does oestrogen do?

A
  • stimulates and maintains uterus lining to build up ready for pregnancy
  • slows down production of FSH
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11
Q

Where is progesterone produced?

A

produced by empty egg follicle

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12
Q

What does progesterone do?

A
  • maintains uterus lining ready for implantation of fertilised egg
  • limits production of FSH and LH → preventing release of more eggs
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13
Q

How do hormones interact in the control of the menstrual cycle?

A
  1. Levels of all 4 hormones decrease if not pregnant and uterus wall breaks down at start of menstruation
    1. lining of uterus breaks down as egg is not fertilised
    2. progesterone decreases (what keeps uterus lining thick)
  2. Pituitary gland secretes FSH and this stimulates:
    1. Ovum to mature in ovary
    2. Ovary to produce oestrogen
  3. Ovary secretes oestrogen:
    1. Inhibits FSH production by pituitary gland
    2. Stimulates pituitary gland to produce LH
    3. Stimulates thickening of uterus lining
  4. Pituitary gland secretes LH - stimulates ovum to be released from ovary (ovulation) in middle of cycle
  5. Pituitary gland secretes progesterone from empty follicle that contained the egg
    1. Inhibits (prevents) production of FSH or LH
    2. Maintains the lining of the uterus during second half of the menstrual cycle, in readiness for receiving a fertilised egg
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