4.5 Larynx, Pharynx, And Nasal Cavity Flashcards
Where is the larynx located
Anterior neck at level of C3-C6
The larynx is designed for
Voice production
The larynx connects
The pharynx with the trachea
The larynx guards air passages and
Maintains a patent airway
The skeleton of the larynx is made up of
The hyoid bone and nine cartilages
What are the nine cartilages of the larynx
Thyroid Cricoid Epiglottis 2 arytenoid 2 corniculate 2 cuneiform
Passively folds over opening of larynx during swallowing
Epiglottis
What three ways can arytenoid cartilages move vocal ligaments
Sliding on transverse axis
Sliding on anteroposterior axis
Rotating
When the arytenoid cartilages slide together the vocal ligaments
Come together, closing airway
When arytenoid cartilages slide apart the vocal ligaments
Separate, opening airway
When arytenoid cartilages slide anteriorly the vocal ligaments
Relax, decreasing pitch
When arytenoid cartilages slide posteriorly vocal ligaments
Tighten, increasing pitch
When anterior tip of arytenoid cartilages rotate out (abduct) the vocal ligaments
Separate
When anterior tip of arytenoid cartilages rotate in (addict) the vocal ligaments
Come together, but leave a slight gap for whispering
What are the muscles of the larynx
Cricothyroid Posterior cricoarytenoid Lateral cricoarytenoid Thyroarytenoid Transverse and oblique arytenoids
What is the function of all the laryngeal muscles? And which of those is the only one that abducts
Modulate voice and air flow
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Innervation of the laryngeal muscles is from
CNX vagus
External laryngeal branch of CNX to cricothyroid
Recurrent laryngeal branch of CNX to all others
Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve may be injured due to inflammation or surgery on structures around it in the neck and results in
High pitched, noisy respiration and “breathy” voice
Muscular tube that extends from the base of the cranium
Pharynx
The pharynx extends from
The inferior border of cricoid cartilage (anteriorly) and inferior border of C6 (posteriorly)
Function of the pharynx
Conducts air to the larynx, trachea, and lungs
Pushes food into the esophagus
What are the three parts of the pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What are the muscles of the nasopharynx / soft palate
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Tensor veli palatini action and nerve
A: tenses palate
N: CNV3
Levator veli palatini action and nerve
A: elevates palate
N: CNX
What are the muscles of the oropharynx / soft plate
Uvular
Palatopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Uvular action and nerve
A: elevates uvular
N: CNX
Palatopharyngeus action and nerve
A: elevates pharynx,depresses palate
N: CNX
Palatoglossus action and nerve
A: elevates tongue, depresses palate
N: CNX
The tonsils are made of
Lymphatic tissue
What are the four tonsils that form a defensive ring around the naso / oropharynx
Pharyngeal-superior
Palatine- lateral
Tubal- lateral
Lingual- inferior
What are the muscles in the external layer of the pharynx
Superior constrictor
Middle constrictor
Inferior constrictor
The external layer muscles of the pharynx action and nerve
A: constricts wall of pharynx during swallowing
N: vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
The inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx blends in with
The esophagus
What are the muscles of the inner layer of the pharynx
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus
What is the function of the internal layer of pharynx muscles
Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
Palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus are innervated by
Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus
The stylopharyngeus is innervated by
Glossopharyngeal nerve
The pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tine connects the
Pharynx to the tympanic cavity of the middle ear
The pharyngotympanic tube equalizes air pressure so the
Tympanic membrane can vibrate freely
The pharyngeal opening of the pharyngotympanic tube is passively held shut and needs active opening by
The contractions of tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini during swallowing or yawning
The tensor tympani muscle is attached to the
Malleus of the ear
The tensor tympani contracts to prevent the tympanic membrane from
Vibrating too much due to loud sounds
Deglutition (act of swallowing) is the process whereby a boils is transferred from
The oral cavity through the pharynx and esophagus into the stomach
What stages of swallowing are voluntary and involuntary
Stage 1- voluntary
Stage 2- involuntary
Stage 3- involuntary
What occurs in stage 1 of swallowing
The food bolus is pushed against the palate via tongue
Bolus squeezed into oropharynx via tongue and soft palate
What happens in stage 2 of swallowing
Soft palate is elevated sealing off the nasopharynx
The pharynx is widened and shortened to receive food bolus
What happens in stage 3 of swallowing
Contraction of all three constrictor muscles forces food inferiorly into the esophagus
Epiglottis closes the larynx
The bolus moves down the esophagus via
Peristaltic contraction
The piriform recess (fossa) in the pharynx is a place for
Good to get stuck
The gag reflex (pharyngeal reflex) is elected by touching
The posterior 1/3 of tongue, soft palate, or pharynx (sensation from CNIX)
The gag reflex (pharyngeal reflex) causes contraction of
Pharynx muscles (somatic motor innervated by CNX)
The gag reflex (pharyngeal reflex) prevents and can induce
Prevents anything from entering throat and choking
Induced vomiting
The superior middle and inferior nasal concha are located
In the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
The superior middle and inferior nasal concha increase? And warms and moistens
Inc surface area of nasal cavity mucosa
Warms and moistens air as it enters the body
The nasolacrimal duct begins at
Lacrimal foramen in the lacrimal bone
The nasolacrimal duct ends in
Nasal cavity underneath the inferior nasal cavity
Mucus lined air pockets named for the bone that they are in
Paranasal sinuses
What are the four paranasal sinuses
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary
All the paranasal sinuses have openings into the nasal cavity which is a
Source of infection
Infection and/or inflammation of the mucus lining of any sinus(es)
Sinusitis
In sinusitis pain is typically
Localized to the involved sinus
The sphenoid sinus drains into nasal cavity
Under the superior nasal concha
Maxillary, frontal and ethmoid sinuses drain into
Nasal cavity under middle nasal concha
