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Sam's Human Gross Anatomy > 4.1 The Skull & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

4.1 The Skull & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of bones that form the skeleton of the head

A

Neurocranium

Viscerocranium

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2
Q

Bones that house the brain

A

Neurocranium

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3
Q

The facial bones

A

Viscerocranium

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4
Q

What are the two main categories of neurocranium bones

A 
Calvaria (skull cap)
Cranial base (basicranium)
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5
Q

The viscerocranium are facial bones that form

A

Orbits
Nasal cavities
Upper jaw
Lower jaw (mandible)

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6
Q

What are the specific bones of the neurocranium

A 
Frontal 
2 parietal
2 temporal 
Occipital 
Sphenoid 
Ethmoid
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7
Q

What are the four sutures of the neurocranium

A

Coronal
Lambdoid
Sagittal
Squamous

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8
Q

The coronal suture separates

A

Frontal and parietal

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9
Q

The lambdoid suture separates

A

Parietal and occipital

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10
Q

The Sagittal suture separates

A

Right and left parietal

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11
Q

The squamous suture separates

A

Parietal and temporal

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12
Q

What are the five intersections of cranial sutures

A 
Bregma 
Lambda
Pterion
Asterion 
Nasion
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13
Q

The bregma intersects

A

Sagittal and coronal sutures

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14
Q

The lambda intersects

A

The lambdoid and Sagittal sutures

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15
Q

The pterion intersects

A

The frontal
Parietal
Temporal
And sphenoid bones

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16
Q

The asterion intersects

A

Parietal
Occipital
And temporal bones

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17
Q

The nasion intersects

A

The frontal and nasal bones

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18
Q

What is the most anterior part of the forehead

A

Glabella

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19
Q

What is the superiormost point of the neurocranium

A

Vertex

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20
Q

What is the most prominent point of external occipital protuberance

A

Inion

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21
Q

What cranial fossa and what bone is the cribriform plate in

A

Anterior fossa

Ethmoid bone

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22
Q

What cranial fossa and what bone is the optic foramen in

A

Middle fossa

Sphenoid bone

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23
Q

What cranial fossa and what bone is superior orbital fissure in

A

Middle fossa

Sphenoid bone

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24
Q

What cranial fossa and what bone is foramen rotundum in

A

Middle fossa

Sphenoid bone

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25
Q

What cranial fossa and what bone is foramen ovale in

A

Middle fossa

Sphenoid bone

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26
Q

What cranial fossa and what bone is foramen spinosum in

A

Middle fossa

Sphenoid bone

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27
Q

What cranial fossa and what bone is foramen lacerum in

A

Middle fossa

Sphenoid bone

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28
Q

What cranial fossa and what bone is the internal acoustic meatus in

A

Posterior fossa

Temporal bone

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29
Q

What cranial fossa and what bone is the jugular foramen in

A

Posterior fossa

Between temporal and occipital

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30
Q

What cranial fossa and what bone is the hypoglossal canal in

A

Posterior fossa

Occipital bone

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31
Q

What cranial fossa and what bone is the foramen magnum in

A

Posterior fossa

Occipital bone

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32
Q

The sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal bone form part of

A

The anterior cranial fossa

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33
Q

The sphenoid bone compromises the floor of the

A

Middle cranial fossa

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34
Q

What holds the pituitary gland within it

A

The sella turcica

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35
Q

The sphenoid bone articulates with how many other bones

A

8

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36
Q

The sphenoid bone has a central body, what does it have laterally and inferiorly

A

Two wings laterally

Two processes inferiorly

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37
Q

What specific bones make up the viscerocranium (14)

A 
2 lacrimal 
2 nasal 
2 maxillae
2 zygomatic 
2 palatine 
2 inferior nasal conchae 
Mandible 
Vomer
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38
Q

Bones of the nasal cavity

A 
Nasal 
Maxillae
Inferior nasal conchae
Ethmoid 
Vomer
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39
Q

The ethmoid is made up of

A

Middle nasal concha

Superior nasal concha perpendicular plate

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40
Q

The central nervous system comprises the

A

Brain and spinal cord

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41
Q

The peripheral nervous system consists of

A

Sensory and motor neurons
Ganglia
Nerves

42
Q

Nerves originating from brain or brain stem and exiting through foramina or fissures in the cranium

A

Cranial nerves

43
Q

Cranial nerves carry nerve fibers for

A

Somatic motor
General sensory
Special sensory
Parasympathetic motor

44
Q

Movement of eyes, mastication, deglutition, respiration, vocalization, facial expression

A

Somatic motor

45
Q

Pain, pressure, temperature (to tissues)

A

General sensory

46
Q

Olfaction, vision, gustation, audition, equilibrium

A

Special sensory

47
Q

To lacrimal, salivary, and mucous glands and smooth muscles of eyes

A

Parasympathetic motor

48
Q

CN 1 name

A

Olfactory nerve

49
Q

CN1 function and exit

A

Olfactory nerve
F: special sensory- smell
E: cribriform plate of ethmoid

50
Q

CN1 innervates

A

Olfactory nerve

Olfactory epithelium of superior nasal cavity

51
Q

CN2 function and exit

A

Optic nerve
F: special sensory-vision
E: optic foramen

52
Q

CN 2 innervates

A

Optic nerve

Retina of eye

53
Q

The optic nerve of each eye sees what visual field

A

Temporal field and nasal field

54
Q

The optic chiasm affects with visual field

A

Decussation of temporal fields of view

55
Q

Visual fields of the optic tracts

A

The left: info from right fields of both eyes

The right: info from left fields of both eyes

56
Q

If the right optic nerve was defected it would cause

A

Blindness of one eye

57
Q

A defect at the optic chiasm causes

A

Loss of peripheral visual fields, tunnel vision

58
Q

A defect at the optic tract caused

A

Loss of visual field on opposite side of both eyes

59
Q

Blindness of one eye

A

Anopsia

60
Q

Tunnel vision

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia

61
Q

What are the visual fields of the retina

A

Nasal (medial)

Temporal (lateral )

62
Q

CN3 exits

A

Occulomotor nerve

Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid

63
Q

CN3 function/innervation

A

Oculomotor nerve
Somatic motor- all eye muscles except superior oblique and lateral rectus
Parasympathetic- constriction of pupils, change shape of lens

64
Q

Muscle that raises eyelids

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

65
Q

Complete paralysis of CN3 oculomotor leads to

A

Dilated pupils
Ptosis (droopy eyelids)
Inability to move eye upwards, downward, and medially

66
Q

CN4 function and exit

A

Trochlear nerve
F: somatic motor- eye movement
E: superior orbital fissure if sphenoid

67
Q

CN4 innervates

A

Trochlear nerve

Superior oblique muscle of eye

68
Q

Injury to CN4 trochlear results in

A

Unable to look downward and inward

69
Q

CN6 function and exit

A

Abducens nerve
F: somatic motor- eye movement
E: superior orbital fissure of sphenoid

70
Q

CN6 innervates

A

Abducens nerve

Lateral rectus muscle

71
Q

Injury to CN6 abducens results in

A

Inability to abduct the eye

72
Q

Three divisions of CN5 trigeminal

A

V1 opthalmic
V2 maxillary
V3 mandibular

73
Q

V1 division of trigeminal function and exit

A

V1 ophthalmic
F: general sensory
E: superior orbital fissure of sphenoid

74
Q

V1 division of trigeminal innervates

A

V1 opthalmic
Conjunctiva and cornea of eye
Nasal cavity
Skin of scalp, forehead, eyebrows, upper eyelid, and part of external nose

75
Q

V2 division of trigeminal function and exit

A

V2 maxillary
F: general sensory
E: foramen rotundum (sphenoid)

76
Q

V2 division of trigeminal innervation

A

V2 maxillary

Lower eyelid, upper lip, gums, teeth, cheek, palate, and pharynx

77
Q

Branches of V1 opthalmic trigeminal

A

Lacrimal nerve

Frontal nerve

78
Q

What does the frontal nerve divide into

A

Supraorbital nerve

Supratrochlear nerve

79
Q

V2 maxillary trigeminal branches into

A

Superior alveolar nerve

Infraorbital nerve

80
Q

V3 division of trigeminal function and exit

A

Mandibular
F: general sensory, somatic motor
E: foramen ovale

81
Q

V3 division of trigeminal innervates

A

Mandibular
Sensory- skin over mandible, lower gums, teeth, lower lip, anterior 2/3 of tongue
Motor- muscles of mastication, anterior digastric, mylohyoid, and tensor veli palantini

82
Q

V3 mandibular trigeminal branches

A

Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Mental nerve

83
Q

CN7 exit

A

Facial nerve
Through the internal acoustic meatus
Out of the stylomastoid foramen

84
Q

CN 7 function/ innervation

A

Facial nerve
Parasympathetic- lacrimal gland, mucous glands, pharynx, palate,submandibular gland, sublingual salivary gland
Special sensory- taste receptor on anterior 2/3 of tongue
Somatic motor- muscles of facial expression, stylohyoid, posterior digastric

85
Q

CN8 function and exit

A

Vestibulocochlear
F: special sensory- balance and hearing
E: internal auditory meatus of temporal bone

86
Q

CN 8 innervates

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve
Vestibule
Cochlea

87
Q

Receptors for motion and balance

A

Vestibule

88
Q

Hearing receptor

A

Cochlea

89
Q

The CN8 vestibulocochlear nerve splits into

A

Cochlear nerve

Vestibular nerve

90
Q

If cochlear nerve is injured it results in

A

Tinnitus (ringing, buzzing) and deafness

91
Q

If the vestibular nerve is injured it results in

A

Vertigo and nystagmus

92
Q

CN9 exit

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Jugular foramen

93
Q

Sensory part of gag reflex

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve CN9

94
Q

CN9 function/innervation

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
General sensory- poster 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, palate, tonsil
Special sensory- posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste), carotid body (monitors blood oxygen levels), carotid sinus (monitors blood pressure)
Parasympathetic- parotid gland (salivary)
Somatic motor- stylopharyngeus

95
Q

CN10 exit

A

Vagus nerve

Jugular foramen

96
Q

Motor part of gag reflex

A

Vagus nerve CN10

97
Q

CN10 function/ innervation

A

Vagus nerve
Motor- muscles of pharynx, larynx, and palate (except tensor veli palantini)
General sensory- pharynx, tongue
Special sensory- taste to area around epiglottis
Parasympathetic- abdominal and thoracic viscera

98
Q

CN11 function and exit

A

Spinal accessory nerve
F: motor
E: jugular foramen

99
Q

CN11 innervates

A

Spinal accessory nerve

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

100
Q

CN12 function and exit

A

Hypoglossal nerve
F: motor-tongue muscles
E: hypoglossal canal

101
Q

CN12 innervates

A

Hypoglossal nerve

All muscles with gloss in the name except palatoglossus

Sam's Human Gross Anatomy (11 decks)

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