3.2 Bones, Gluteal Region Flashcards
What are the functions of the lower extremity/limb
Support body weight
Locomotion
Maintaining equilibrium
What are the 4 regions of the lower extremity
Hip/ gluteal
Thigh
Leg
Foot
What are the bones of the hip/gluteal region
Hip bones
Sacrum
Coccyx
What are the bones of the thigh region
Femur
Patella
What are the bones of the leg region
Tibia
Fibula
What are the bones of the foot region
Tarsus
metatarsus
Phalanges
Function of the bony pelvis
Transfer weight from upper body to lower extremities
4 bones that form the bony pelvis
Hip bones (2)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Hip bones form in young adults by the fusion of what three bones
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Part of hip bone that is fan shaped and has an ala (wing)
Ilium
The body of the ilium forms
Superior part of the acetabulum
The iliac crest is the superior margin and runs between
The anterior and posterior superior iliac spines
Concave internal surface on the ilium
Iliac fossa
The body of the ischium is the posterior part of
Acetabulum
On the ischium the inferior boundary of the obturator foramen
Ramus
The body of the pubis lies medially and articulates with the
Pubis of the other side at the pubic symphysis
The superior ramus of the pubis is the
Anterior part of acetabulum
The inferior ramus of the pubis forms the
Inferior boundary of the obturator foramen
Hip socket
Acetabulum
The obturator foramen is closed in the living body by the
Obturator membrane
Where are the hip bones joined anteriorly
Pubic symphysis
Where are the hip bones joined posteriorly
Sacrum at sacroiliac joint
Joint in hip with small movement limited by many ligaments, greater movement in females, important in child birth
Sacroiliac joint
The term for rotation of the sacroiliac joint in the Sagittal plane
Nutation
Anterior rotation of the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint increases
Size of pelvic outlet
The posterior sacroiliac is interosseus and continuous with the
Sacrotuberous ligament
Fracture of the femur is more common over the age of ? And not common in women due to
60
Postmenopausal osteoporosis
The longest, strongest, and heaviest bone in the body
Femur
Roughly how many times the length of the femur determines height of an individual
4 times
Shinbone, weight bearing, medically located
Tibia
What bones surround the tibia superiorly, inferiorly, and laterally
Femur-superior
Talus- inferior
Fibula-lateral
Bone with No function in weight bearing, serves mainly for muscle attachments and support for the tibia
Fibula
What movements happen at the knee joint
Flexion
Extension
Very slight medial and lateral rotation
What movements occur at the hip joint
Flexion Extension Hyperextension Abduction / adduction Medial and lateral rotation Circumduction
Lies posterior to the pelvis between iliac crest and gluteal fold
Gluteal region
The gluteal region is made primarily of
Gluteal muscles and a thick layer of superficial fat
The division between buttocks (butt crack) is called
Intergluteal cleft
What are the 9 gluteal muscles
Tensor fasciae latae Gluteus Maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Piriformis Obturator internus Inf and sup gemellus Quadratus femoris
The gluteal muscles alll
Stabilize the hip joint
Tensor fasciae latae origin and insertion
O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: iliotibial tract
Tensor fasciae latae nerve and action
N: superior gluteal nerve
A: flexes thigh
The largest, heaviest, and most coarsely fingered muscle in the body
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Maximus origin and insertion
O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament
I: iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity
Gluteus Maximus nerve and action
N: inferior gluteal nerve
A: laterally rotates thigh, powerful extension
Gluteus medius origin and insertion
O: ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter
Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus nerve and action
N: superior gluteal nerve
A: posterior fibers abducts, extends, and laterally rotates thigh. Anterior fibers abduct, flex, and medically rotates thigh. Steadies the pelvis
Gluteus minimus origin and insertion
O: ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter
Help control posture, active when femur is bearing weight, if inactive pelvis drops on opposite side
Gluteus medius and minimus
Subject stands on one leg, if ASIS and AIIS drops on opposite side, then gluteus medius and minimus on stance side are weak
Trendelenburg sign
Piriformis origin and insertion
O:2-4 sacral segments
I: greater trochanter
Piriformis nerve and action
N: S1-S2
A: rotates thigh laterally, abducts thigh, holds head of femur in acetabulum
What is the landmark muscle for the superior gluteal artery/nerve, inferior gluteal artery/nerve, and the sciatic nerve
Piriformis
Obturator internus origin and insertion
O: ilium and ischium, obturator membrane
I: greater trochanter
Obturator internus action and nerve
A: rotates thigh laterally, holds head of femur in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
N: nerve to obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemellus origin and insertion
O: ischial spine and ischial tuberosity
I: greater trochanter
Superior gemellus nerve and action
N: nerve to obturator internus
A: laterally rotates thigh
Inferior gemellus nerve and action
N: nerve to quadratus femoris
A: laterally rotates thigh
Quadratus femoris origin and insertion
O: ischial tuberosity
I: intertrochanteric crest
Quadratus femoris nerve and action
N: nerve to quadratus femoris
A: laterally rotates thigh
