3.3 Fascia, Nerves, & Vasculature of Lower Limb Flashcards
What two types of fascia are on the lower limb
Superficial and deep fascia
What separates compartments of muscles in deep fascia
Fibrous septa
Thick deep fascia covering the muscles
Fascia lata
Deep fascia creates tight compartments which allow efficient
Venous blood return to the heart
Veins in the lower extremity have valves that prevent
Blood from moving inferiorly
Great saphenous vein drains into
Femoral vein
The small saphenous vein drains into
The popliteal vein
Results when valves in superficial veins do not close properly
Varicose veins
Thick lateral portion of fascia lata, helps to limit adduction of hip
Iliotibial tract
Iliotibial tract provides insertion for
Gluteus Maximus and tensor fasciae latae
The external iliac artery passes through the inguinal ligament and changes to
Femoral artery
The femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus and changes to
Popliteal artery
The popliteal artery splits into
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
Fibular artery
The superior and inferior gluteal arteries come off of the
Internal iliac artery
Junctional region between the trunk and lower limb
Femoral triangle
The femoral triangle contains what vasculature
Femoral n. A. V.
Great saphenous v.
The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly, laterally, and medially by
Superior-inguinal ligament
Medial- adductor longus
Lateral- sartorius
Femoral nerve supplies
Anterior thigh muscles
Obturator nerve supplies
Thigh adductors
The sciatic nerve supplies
Posterior thigh muscles
Sciatic nerve splits into
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
The common fibular nerve splits into
Superficial fibular nerve
Deep fibular nerve
Tibial nerve supplies
Posterior leg
Superficial fibular nerve supplies
Lateral leg muscles
Deep fibular nerve supplies
Anterior leg muscles
The anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L5 combine to form
The lumbar plexus
The anterior rami of spinal nerves S1–S5 combine to form
The sacral plexus
What rami form the lumbar plexus
L1-L5
What rami form the sacral plexus
S1-S5
What links the lumbar plexus and the sacral plexus to form the lumbosacral plexus
Lumbosacral trunk
Fibers from L2-S3 commingle to form nerves that supply
The lower limb
Nerve that runs through the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis
Superior gluteal
Damage to the superior gluteal nerve results in
Contralateral hip drop
What nerve runs through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis
Inferior gluteal nerve
Damage to inferior gluteal nerve results in
Difficulty climbing stairs and rising from seat
What nerve runs deep to the sacrotuberous ligament
Pudendal nerve
Pinching the sciatic nerve causes
Pain in the lower limb
Pain in the area of distribution of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
Sciatica
The nerves (terminal branches of the lumbar plexus) descend into the lower limb to innervate skeletal muscles
Compartmentally
Damage to sciatic nerve results in inability to
Flex knee and move all distal joints
Sciatic nerve exits inferior to
Piriformis muscle
What nerve runs deep to inguinal ligament to emerge into femoral triangle
Femoral nerve
Damage to the femoral nerve causes
Inability to extend leg
Reliance on intact leg to climb stairs, rise from a seated position
Damage to obturator nerve causes
Weak adduction of thigh
What nerve runs through obturator foramen to emerge between adductor breviary and adductor longus
Obturator nerve
What are the hamstring muscles
Biceps femoris long head
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
What muscles cross the hip and knee joint
Hamstrings
The hamstring muscles act to
Extend the thigh and flex the knee
Semitendinosus origin and insertion
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial surface of upper tibia
Semitendinosus nerve and action
N: tibial division of sciatic nerve
A: extends thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
Semimembranosus origin and insertion
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of tibia
Semimembranosus nerve and action
N: tibial division of sciatic nerve
A: extends thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
Biceps femoris long head origin and insertion
O: ischial tuberosity
I: head of fibula
Biceps femoris long head nerve and action
N: tibial division of sciatic nerve
A: extends thigh, flexes and laterally rotates leg
Biceps femoris short head origin and insertion
O: linea aspera
I: head of fibula
Biceps femoris short head nerve and action
N: common fibular division of sciatic nerve
A: flexes and laterally rotates leg
Common sports injury, can result in avulsion from origin at ischial tuberosity, muscle tear, and hematoma
Pulled hamstrings
Hamstrings hold thigh in (isometric contraction)
Flexion
Hamstrings shorten to raise thigh into (concentric )
Extension
Hamstrings lengthen to lower thigh into (eccentric contraction)
Flexion
