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Sam's Human Gross Anatomy > 4.4 The Neck: Bones, Muscles, Vessels, Nerves > Flashcards

4.4 The Neck: Bones, Muscles, Vessels, Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

C1 is

C2 is

A

C1 atlas

C2 axis

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2
Q

Vertebral arteries pass through what part of the cervical vertebrae

A

Transerve foramen

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3
Q

Prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

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4
Q

Alar ligaments of atlas vertebrae connect to the

A

Occipital bone

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5
Q

The transverse ligament of atlas connects to

A

Tubercles for transverse ligaments of atlas

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6
Q

What can happen if the transverse ligament of atlas is ruptured

A

Dens can be driven into the spinal cord causing quadriplegia, or into medulla causing sudden death

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7
Q

Neck injuries are potentially serious because of possibility of

A

Fractured vertebrae, compression or transection of cord and dislocations

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8
Q

Functions of the hyoid bone

A

Raise and lower larynx

Provide stable platform for tongue

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9
Q

Platysma nerve and action

A

CN7 facial

A: depresses mandible and tenses skin of lower face and neck

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10
Q

Sternocleidomastoid origin and insertion

A

O: anterior manubrium and superior medial 1/3 of clavicle
I: lateral mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line

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11
Q

Sternocleidomastoid nerve

A

CNXI spinal accessory

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12
Q

Sternocleidomastoid actions

A

Unilaterally: tilts head to its own side rotates head
Bilaterally: extends atlantooccipital joint, flexes neck

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13
Q

The sternocleidomastoid divides the side of the neck into

A

Two triangles

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14
Q

Trapezius nerve

A

CNXI spinal accessory

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15
Q

Trapezius origin and insertion

A

O: superior nuchal line
I: clavical, scapula

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16
Q

Action of trapezius

A

Superior fibers extend neck

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17
Q

The cervical plexus is formed from

A

Ventral rami of C1-C5

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18
Q

The cervical plexus is found

A

Deep to sternocleidomastoid

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19
Q

The cervical plexus innervates

A

Skin of neck
Infrahyoid
Diaphragm

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20
Q

What muscle is the floor of the posterior cervical triangle

A

Splenius capitis

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21
Q

Splenius capitis is innervated by

A

Posterior rami of middle cervical spinal nerves

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22
Q

Levator scapulae is innervated by

A

Dorsal scapular nerve and c3-c4

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23
Q

Posterior scalene origin and insertion

A

O: transverse process of C4-C6
I: external border of 2nd rib

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24
Q

Posterior scalene action

A

Flexes neck laterally, elevates second rib

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25
Q

Posterior scalene nerve

A

C7-C8

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26
Q

Middle scalene origin and insertion

A

O: transverse process of C3-C7
I: superior surface of 1st rib

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27
Q

Middle scalene nerve

A

Anterior rami of cervical spinal cord

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28
Q

Action of middle scalene

A

Flexes neck laterally, elevates 1st rib

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29
Q

Anterior scalene origin and insertion

A

O: transverse process of C3-C6
I: 1st rib

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30
Q

Anterior scalene nerve

A

C4-C6

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31
Q

Action of anterior scalene

A

Elevates first rib, laterally flexes and rotates neck

32
Q

What are the 6 contents of the carotid sheath

A 
Internal jugular v 
Common carotid a 
Carotid sinus 
Carotid body
Vagus n
Glossopharyngeal n
33
Q

Monitors blood pressure

A

Carotid sinus

34
Q

Monitors oxygen

A

Carotid body

35
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles

A

Stylohyoid
Anterior and posterior bellies of digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

36
Q

Digastric origin and insertion

A

O: anterior belly- inner surface of anterior mandible
Posterior belly- mastoid notch (temporal bone)
I: intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid bone

37
Q

Action of digastric

A

Depresses mandible, raises hyoid and steadies it during speaking and swallowing

38
Q

Digastric nerve

A

Anterior belly: CNV3 mandibular

Posterior belly: CNVII facial

39
Q

Mylohyoid origin and insertion

A

O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: median raphe and body of hyoid bone

40
Q

Action of mylohyoid

A

Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth and tongue during swallowing and speaking

41
Q

Mylohyoid nerve

A

CNV3 Mandibular

42
Q

Geniohyoid origin and insertion

A

O: inferior mental spine of mandible
I: body of hyoid bone

43
Q

Action of geniohyoid

A

Pulls hyoid bone anteriorly/ superiorly, shortens floor of mouth, widens pharynx

44
Q

Geniohyoid nerve

A

ventral ramus of C1

45
Q

Stylohyoid origin and insertion

A

O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: body of hyoid bone

46
Q

Action of stylohyoid

A

Elevates and retracts hyoid bone thereby elongating mouth

47
Q

Stylohyoid nerve

A

CNVII facial nerve

48
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

49
Q

All of the infrahyoid muscles

A

Depress the hyoid bone and larynx

50
Q

The strap muscles are the

A

Infrahyoid muscles

51
Q

What are the nine cartilages of the larynx

A 
Thyroid 
Cricoid 
Epiglottic 
2 arytenoid 
2 corniculate 
2 cuneiform
52
Q

Sternohyoid origin and insertion

A

O: manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle
I: body of hyoid bone

53
Q

Action of sternohyoid

A

Depress hyoid bone after it had been elevated during swallowing

54
Q

Sternohyoid nerve

A

C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

55
Q

Omohyoid origin and insertion

A

O: superior border of scapula
I: inferior border of hyoid bone

56
Q

Omohyoid action

A

Depresses, steadies, and retracts hyoid bone

57
Q

Omohyoid nerve

A

C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

58
Q

Sternothyroid origin and insertion

A

O: posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
I: oblique line of thyroid cartilage

59
Q

Action of sternothyroid

A

Depresses thyroid cartilage

60
Q

Sternothyroid nerve

A

C2-C3 via ansa cervicalis

61
Q

Thyrohyoid origin and insertion

A

O: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
I: inferior body of greater horn of hyoid bone

62
Q

Action of thyrohyoid

A

Depresses hyoid bone and elevates thyroid cartilage

63
Q

Thyrohyoid nerve

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

64
Q

Longus colli origin and insertion

A

O: anterior bodies of cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
I: transverse process of C3-C6

65
Q

Action of longus colli

A

Bilaterally flexes neck

Unilaterally rotates neck

66
Q

Longus colli nerve

A

C2-C6

67
Q

Longus capitis origin and insertion

A

O: occipital bone
I: transverse process of C3-C6

68
Q

Longus capitis nerve

A

C1-C3

69
Q

Longus capitis action

A

Bilaterally flexes head

Unilaterally rotates head

70
Q

Rectus capitis anterior origin and insertion

A

O: lateral mass of atlas
I: basilar part of occipital bone

71
Q

Rectus capitis anterior nerve

A

C1-C2

72
Q

Rectus capitis anterior action

A

Flexes atlantooccipital joint

73
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis origin and insertion

A

O: transverse process of atlas
I: lateral occipital bone

74
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis nerve

A

C1-C2

75
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis action

A

Flexes atlantooccipital joint, stabilizes the head

Sam's Human Gross Anatomy (11 decks)

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