4.4 The Neck: Bones, Muscles, Vessels, Nerves Flashcards
C1 is
C2 is
C1 atlas
C2 axis
Vertebral arteries pass through what part of the cervical vertebrae
Transerve foramen
Prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Alar ligaments of atlas vertebrae connect to the
Occipital bone
The transverse ligament of atlas connects to
Tubercles for transverse ligaments of atlas
What can happen if the transverse ligament of atlas is ruptured
Dens can be driven into the spinal cord causing quadriplegia, or into medulla causing sudden death
Neck injuries are potentially serious because of possibility of
Fractured vertebrae, compression or transection of cord and dislocations
Functions of the hyoid bone
Raise and lower larynx
Provide stable platform for tongue
Platysma nerve and action
CN7 facial
A: depresses mandible and tenses skin of lower face and neck
Sternocleidomastoid origin and insertion
O: anterior manubrium and superior medial 1/3 of clavicle
I: lateral mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line
Sternocleidomastoid nerve
CNXI spinal accessory
Sternocleidomastoid actions
Unilaterally: tilts head to its own side rotates head
Bilaterally: extends atlantooccipital joint, flexes neck
The sternocleidomastoid divides the side of the neck into
Two triangles
Trapezius nerve
CNXI spinal accessory
Trapezius origin and insertion
O: superior nuchal line
I: clavical, scapula
Action of trapezius
Superior fibers extend neck
The cervical plexus is formed from
Ventral rami of C1-C5
The cervical plexus is found
Deep to sternocleidomastoid
The cervical plexus innervates
Skin of neck
Infrahyoid
Diaphragm
What muscle is the floor of the posterior cervical triangle
Splenius capitis
Splenius capitis is innervated by
Posterior rami of middle cervical spinal nerves
Levator scapulae is innervated by
Dorsal scapular nerve and c3-c4
Posterior scalene origin and insertion
O: transverse process of C4-C6
I: external border of 2nd rib
Posterior scalene action
Flexes neck laterally, elevates second rib
Posterior scalene nerve
C7-C8
Middle scalene origin and insertion
O: transverse process of C3-C7
I: superior surface of 1st rib
Middle scalene nerve
Anterior rami of cervical spinal cord
Action of middle scalene
Flexes neck laterally, elevates 1st rib
Anterior scalene origin and insertion
O: transverse process of C3-C6
I: 1st rib
Anterior scalene nerve
C4-C6
Action of anterior scalene
Elevates first rib, laterally flexes and rotates neck
What are the 6 contents of the carotid sheath
Internal jugular v Common carotid a Carotid sinus Carotid body Vagus n Glossopharyngeal n
Monitors blood pressure
Carotid sinus
Monitors oxygen
Carotid body
What are the suprahyoid muscles
Stylohyoid
Anterior and posterior bellies of digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric origin and insertion
O: anterior belly- inner surface of anterior mandible
Posterior belly- mastoid notch (temporal bone)
I: intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid bone
Action of digastric
Depresses mandible, raises hyoid and steadies it during speaking and swallowing
Digastric nerve
Anterior belly: CNV3 mandibular
Posterior belly: CNVII facial
Mylohyoid origin and insertion
O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: median raphe and body of hyoid bone
Action of mylohyoid
Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth and tongue during swallowing and speaking
Mylohyoid nerve
CNV3 Mandibular
Geniohyoid origin and insertion
O: inferior mental spine of mandible
I: body of hyoid bone
Action of geniohyoid
Pulls hyoid bone anteriorly/ superiorly, shortens floor of mouth, widens pharynx
Geniohyoid nerve
ventral ramus of C1
Stylohyoid origin and insertion
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: body of hyoid bone
Action of stylohyoid
Elevates and retracts hyoid bone thereby elongating mouth
Stylohyoid nerve
CNVII facial nerve
What are the infrahyoid muscles
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
All of the infrahyoid muscles
Depress the hyoid bone and larynx
The strap muscles are the
Infrahyoid muscles
What are the nine cartilages of the larynx
Thyroid Cricoid Epiglottic 2 arytenoid 2 corniculate 2 cuneiform
Sternohyoid origin and insertion
O: manubrium of sternum and medial end of clavicle
I: body of hyoid bone
Action of sternohyoid
Depress hyoid bone after it had been elevated during swallowing
Sternohyoid nerve
C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis
Omohyoid origin and insertion
O: superior border of scapula
I: inferior border of hyoid bone
Omohyoid action
Depresses, steadies, and retracts hyoid bone
Omohyoid nerve
C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis
Sternothyroid origin and insertion
O: posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
I: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
Action of sternothyroid
Depresses thyroid cartilage
Sternothyroid nerve
C2-C3 via ansa cervicalis
Thyrohyoid origin and insertion
O: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
I: inferior body of greater horn of hyoid bone
Action of thyrohyoid
Depresses hyoid bone and elevates thyroid cartilage
Thyrohyoid nerve
C1 via hypoglossal nerve
Longus colli origin and insertion
O: anterior bodies of cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
I: transverse process of C3-C6
Action of longus colli
Bilaterally flexes neck
Unilaterally rotates neck
Longus colli nerve
C2-C6
Longus capitis origin and insertion
O: occipital bone
I: transverse process of C3-C6
Longus capitis nerve
C1-C3
Longus capitis action
Bilaterally flexes head
Unilaterally rotates head
Rectus capitis anterior origin and insertion
O: lateral mass of atlas
I: basilar part of occipital bone
Rectus capitis anterior nerve
C1-C2
Rectus capitis anterior action
Flexes atlantooccipital joint
Rectus capitis lateralis origin and insertion
O: transverse process of atlas
I: lateral occipital bone
Rectus capitis lateralis nerve
C1-C2
Rectus capitis lateralis action
Flexes atlantooccipital joint, stabilizes the head
