4.4 Translation Flashcards
translation
making protein from mRNA
how many nucleotides per amino acid
3
codon
three letters of mRNA that code for an amino acid
mRNA
contains codons
tRNA
transfers amino acids and contains anticodons
anticodons
opposite of codons, match correct codon with correct amino acid
rRNA
facilitates matching of mRNA and tRNA, joins amino acids to synthesize proteins
aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
bonds amino acids to tRNA
A site
arrival site, matches tRNA to next codon
P site
holds tRNA carrying growing amino acid sequence
E site
exit site, empty tRNA leaves ribosome
positive transcription factors
allow transcription to occur
negative transcription factors
prevent transcription
mutation
a change in the base sequence in a DNA molecule
mutation causes
DNA replication
mutagens(radiation and some chemicals)
viral infections
point mutation
substitution of single base
frameshift mutation
shift in the reading frame
changes everything downstream
silent
doesn’t affect amino acid sequence (3rd base wobble)
missense
amino acid(s) change
nonsense
ends protein prematurely
insertion
adding base(s)
deletion
removing base(s)
transcribe and translate:
GCACTACGGTTTCTTTCCATT
transcribe:
CGUG AUG CCC AAA GAA AGG UAA
translate:
——– Met Pro Lys Glu Arg STOP
transcribe and translate:
TAATACCCTTTCCGTGTATCT
transcribe:
AUU AUG GGA AAG GCA CAU AGA
translate:
——- Met Gly Lys Ala His Arg
