4.4 Translation

Question 1

translation

Answer 1

making protein from mRNA

Question 2

how many nucleotides per amino acid

Answer 2

3

Question 3

codon

Answer 3

three letters of mRNA that code for an amino acid

Question 4

mRNA

Answer 4

contains codons

Question 5

tRNA

Answer 5

transfers amino acids and contains anticodons

Question 6

anticodons

Answer 6

opposite of codons, match correct codon with correct amino acid

Question 7

rRNA

Answer 7

facilitates matching of mRNA and tRNA, joins amino acids to synthesize proteins

Question 8

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

Answer 8

bonds amino acids to tRNA

Question 9

A site

Answer 9

arrival site, matches tRNA to next codon

Question 10

P site

Answer 10

holds tRNA carrying growing amino acid sequence

Question 11

E site

Answer 11

exit site, empty tRNA leaves ribosome

Question 12

positive transcription factors

Answer 12

allow transcription to occur

Question 13

negative transcription factors

Answer 13

prevent transcription

Question 14

mutation

Answer 14

a change in the base sequence in a DNA molecule

Question 15

mutation causes

Answer 15

DNA replication
mutagens(radiation and some chemicals)
viral infections

Question 16

point mutation

Answer 16

substitution of single base

Question 17

frameshift mutation

Answer 17

shift in the reading frame
changes everything downstream

Question 18

silent

Answer 18

doesn’t affect amino acid sequence (3rd base wobble)

Question 19

missense

Answer 19

amino acid(s) change

Question 20

nonsense

Answer 20

ends protein prematurely

Question 21

insertion

Answer 21

adding base(s)

Question 22

deletion

Answer 22

removing base(s)

Question 23

transcribe and translate:
GCACTACGGTTTCTTTCCATT

Answer 23

transcribe:
CGUG AUG CCC AAA GAA AGG UAA
translate:
——– Met Pro Lys Glu Arg STOP

Question 24

transcribe and translate:
TAATACCCTTTCCGTGTATCT

Answer 24

transcribe:
AUU AUG GGA AAG GCA CAU AGA
translate:
——- Met Gly Lys Ala His Arg