10.1 Interspecific Interactions Flashcards
niche
what biotic and abiotic resources, and where, when, and how a species uses the,
fundamental niche
total possible niche
realized niche
part of fundamental niche that is actually used
mutualism
+/+
commensalism
+/0
parasitism/predation/herbivory
-/+
competition
-/-
facultative
receive benefits from each other but can survive without
obligatory
entirely dependent on each other
a little niche overlap
competition in overlap and natural selection
a lot niche overlap
stronger competition survives / weaker competitor may go extinct
niche partitioning
more species in the same area
niche partitioning: types
physical location, foraging time, food
on the edge of an alpine meadow, a beaver cuts down an Aspen tree. It eats the bark, uses some of the timber to shore up its dam, and stores some branches underwater for it to eat later in the winter.
herbivory
you are camping in the meadow, a female mosquito smells you. she finds a piece of exposed skin, drills her proboscis through your skin to find a capillary, and sucks up your blood.
parasitism
that evening, you watch as an elk and a white-tailed deer, both grazing ungulates, eat the same kind of plants in an alpine meadow
competition
the next day you notice some colorful flowers. a butterfly walks over the flowers. it finds nectar stored inside the flowers and eats the nectar. in the process it gets pollen smeared on its body. when it is finished hunting for nectar, it flies to another flower of the same species a little ways away to find more nectar. some of the pollen gets scraped onto the second flower and pollen antes it
mutualism
a hawk soars over a meadow. its sharp eyes spot a field mouse. the hawk drops into a steep dive and catches the mouse in its talons. then it flies away, to feed the dead mouse to its nestlings
predation
on the edge of the meadow is a large tree. growing on the tree’s bark is a circular gray-green lichen, about six inches in diameter. the lichen is using the tree for habitat. the trunk gets sun and the lichen isn’t competing with other organisms for space. the tree hardly notices the lichen; it isn’t eating the tree or taking resources from the tree
commensalism
