4.3 DNA Transcription

Question 1

Central Dogma

Answer 1

(transcription) (translation)
DNA&raquo_space;»» RNA&raquo_space;»» protein
^ |
|____|
(replication)

Question 2

transcription

Answer 2

making RNA using DNA code

Question 3

initiation

Answer 3

transcription factors bind to promotor and attract and prepare RNA polymerase to begin copying DNA sequence into mRNA

Question 4

elongation

Answer 4

RNA pol breaks free of TF. 5’ cap added to RNA. introns slpiced out

Question 5

termination

Answer 5

termination sequence recognized and cut. polyA tail added to end of RNA molecule. longer tail = longer mRNA in cytoplasm&raquo_space;> more proteins can be made from it

Question 6

promoter

Answer 6

transcription starts here
“TATA” box attracts transcription factors

Question 7

enhancer/silencer

Answer 7

additional binding site for transcription factors.
on/off switch

Question 8

exons

Answer 8

sequences we keep

Question 9

introns

Answer 9

sequences we remove

Question 10

alternative splicing

Answer 10

keep different combinations of exons
different RNA sequences&raquo_space;> different protein structures/functions
more than one protein can be made from one gene

Question 11

DNA vs RNA

Answer 11

DNA:
double-stranded
T
deoxyribose

RNA:
single-stranded
U
ribose

Both:
5’ to 3’
A, G, and C