Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > 4.4 Antiarrhythmic Drugs > Flashcards

4.4 Antiarrhythmic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Which generates slower + shorter impulses; SAN or Purkinje Fibers?

A

SAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which contracts 1st, atria or ventricles?

A

Atria contracts before the ventricles, causing the characteristic rhythm of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arrhythmia is an abnormal cardiac rhythm from…

A
  • Abnormal impulse …
    • Generation
    • Conduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Atrial Fibrillation?

A

Irregular heartbeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the Class I Antiarrhythmic Drugs?

A

Sodium Channel Blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the Class II Antiarrhythmic Drugs?

A

β-adrenergic receptor blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the Class III Antiarrhythmic Drugs?

A

Potassium Channel Blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the Class IV Antiarrhythmic Drugs?

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the Unclassified Antiarrhythmic Drugs?

A

Adenosine, Magnesium, Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What class of antiarrhythmic drugs preferentially bind to the activated sodium channels?

A

Class 1A + 1C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What class of antiarrhythmic drugs preferentially bind to the inactivated sodium channels?

A

Class 1B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 Class IA drugs?

A
  • Procainamide
  • Disopyramide
  • Quinidine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the cardiac effects of Class IA antiarrhythmic drugs? (3)

A
  • Slow 0 phase of AP
    • When MP is actively rising
  • Slow impulse conduction
  • Prolong action of potential duration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is procasinamide metabolized to?

A

N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Both NAPA + dysopyramide are eliminated by the …

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Procainamide (Class IA)?

A

Atrial + Ventricular Arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the therapeutic use of Disopyramide (Class IA)?

A

Ventricular Arrhythmia (USA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the toxicity associated with Procainamide (Class IA)? (3)

A
  • Hypotension due to ganglion-blocking
  • Excessive cardiac effects (torsadogenesis)
  • Lupus-related effects (erythematosus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the toxicity associated with Disopyramide (Class IA)? (3)

A
  • Negative iontropic effects on the heart
  • May precipitate heart failure
  • Atropine-like activitives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the Class IB antiarrhythmic drugs? (2)

A
  • Lidocaine (LA)
  • Mexiletine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the cardiac effects of Class IB antiarrhythmic drugs? (2)

A
  • Bind to inactivated state of sodium channels
    • ​Prolongs the inactiviety of Na channels
  • Depresses conduction in depolarized cells
    • ​Slows down the rate at which impulses are being initiated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which Class IB antiarrhythmic drug has the longest half life?

A
  • Mexiletine = 8-20 hrs
    • Orally administered
  • Lidocaine = 1-2 hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where are the Class IB antiarrhythmic drugs metabolized?

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the therapeutic use of the Class IB drugs?

A

Ventricular Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the therapeutic use of **Mexiletine** (Class IB)?
Pain release for **diabetic neurology**
26
Which class of sodium channel blockers is the **least toxic**?
Class IB
27
What is the toxicity associated with **Class IB** sodium channel blockers? (2)
* Large doses may cause **hypotension** * LA **neurologic effects**
28
What are the **Class IC** sodium channel blockers? (2)
* Flecainide * Propafenone
29
What are the cardiac effects of **Class IC** sodium channel blockers? (2)
* Blocks **sodium** channels with slow kinetics * Blocks **potassium** channels with slow kinetics
30
How are Class IC drugs administered?
orally, and well absorbed
31
How are Class IC drugs eliminated and metabobilized?
* Eliminated by liver * Metabolized in kidneys
32
What are the therapeutic uses of **Class IC** drugs? (2)
* Supraventricular arrhythmias * Premature ventricular conductions
33
What is the toxicity associated with **Class IC** drugs?
Severe **exacerbation of arrhythmias** in preexisiting conditions
34
What is the toxicity associated with **Propafenone** (Class IC)?
Constipation
35
What are the **Class II** antiarrhytmic drugs?
* Propranolol * Esmolol * Sotalol
36
What are the **Class II nonselective** **β-blockers**?
* Propranolol * Sotalol
37
What **Class II** drug is **β1-selective**?
Esmolol
38
What antiarrhythmic drugs are contraindicated in pts with **Asthma**?
**Class III** = **non-selective** β-blockers (propranolol, sotalol) ## Footnote *These pts require **β2** stimulation*
39
What are the cardiac effects of **Class II** drugs?
**Slows AP duration** * Propranolol - also slows impulse conduction
40
What is the therapeutic use of **Esmolol** (Class II)?
Intraoperative acute arrhytmias
41
What are the **Class III** antiarhythmic drugs? (4)
* Amiodarone * Dronedarone * Dofetilide * Ibutilide
42
What are the cardiac effects of **Amiodarone** (Class III) antiarrhythmic drugs? (3)
* Shows **complex effects** (class I, II, III, IV actions) * Prolongs AP duration * Prolongs duration of refractory period
43
How is **Amiodarone (class III)** administered?
Oral + IV
44
How is amiodarone (Class III) metabolized?
Liver (CYP3A4)
45
What are the therapeutic uses of **Amiodarone (Class III)**? (2)
* Recurrent ventricular tachycardia * Atrial fibrillation
46
What drug is structurally related to **thyroxine**, and **inhibits conversion of T4 to T3**?
Amiodarone (Class III)
47
What is the toxicity associated with **Amiodarone** (Class III)? (3)
* Bradycardia + heart block * Pulmonary toxicity (fibrosis) * Abnormal liver function (b/c extensive metab) + hepatitis
48
What Class III drug is an **amidarone analog, without iodine in it**?
Dronedarone
49
What are the cardiac effects of **Dronedarone** (Class III)? (2)
* Prolongs AP duration * **Weak β-blocking activity**
50
Which Class III drug has increased absorption by 2-3 fold when taken with food?
Dronedarone
51
What is the therapeutic use of **Dronedarone** (Class III)?
Atrial Fibrillation
52
What is the toxicity associated with **Dronedarone** (Class III)?
Abnormal liver function + hepatitis
53
What Class III drug is only administered orally, with 100% bioavailability?
Dofetilide
54
What is the toxicity associated with **Dofetilide** (Class III)?
Ventricular pro-arrhythmias
55
What Class III drug is administered only by IV?
Ibutilide
56
What is the therapeutic use for **Ibutilide**, besides the typical use of Class III drugs to atrial fibrillation?
Atrial flutter
57
What is the toxicity associated with **Ibutilide** (Class III)?
Excessive QT prolongation + torsadogenesis
58
What are the **Class IV** antiarrhythmic drugs? (2)
* Verapamil * Diltiazem
59
What are the cardiac effects of **Class IV** drugs?
* Prolongs effective refractory period * Supresses early + delayed afterdepolarization
60
What is Verapamil (Class IV) useful in treating?
Supraventricular tachycardia
61
Which Class IV drug is available in Intraventricular form?
Diltiazem
62
What are the cardiac effects of **Adenosine**? (4)
* Increases potassium conductance * Inhibits calcium current * Hyperpolarization * Suppression of calcium-dependent AP
63
What is the effect of **Adenosine** at a **high bolus dose**?
Inhibits AV node conduction
64
What is the 1/2 life of **Adenosine**?
1/2 life in the _blood_ = **10 seconds** ## Footnote *Not good for long term use*
65
What is the drug of choice for **supraventricular tachycardia**?
**Adenosine** *Verapamil is also used for SVT*
66
What is the toxicity/symptoms associated with **Adenosine**? (3)
* Flushing * Shortness of breath * Chest burning
67
What drugs are at risk for drug-drug interactions with Antiarrhytmic drugs? (2)
* Catecholamines * Antiarrhythmic drugs

Pharmacology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions