4.3 Study Guide

Question 1

What is Transcription? What is the process?

Answer 1

Transcription is the making of RNA; DNA is put through the RNA polymerase and turned into RNA.

Question 2

What is the transcribed DNA strand?

Answer 2

The template strand.

Question 3

What is the untranscribed DNA strand?

Answer 3

The coding strand.

Question 4

What is the main enzyme?

Answer 4

The RNA polymerase.

Question 5

What is the order of these from top to bottom?

Answer 5

Coding strand -> template strand -> mRNA.

Question 6

What are all the different parts in a eukaryotic gene?

Answer 6

Promoter, enhancer/silencer, exon, and intron.

Question 7

What are those areas called?

Answer 7

Regulatory region, coding region.

Question 8

What do they do?

Answer 8

Promoter is the start site and signals the start, Enhancer is the switch and controls production, exons are present in the RNA while Introns are spliced out and removed.

Question 9

What is the process?

Answer 9

Initiation, elongation, termination.

Question 10

What do they do?

Answer 10

Initiation binds TFs to promotor/enhancer; RNA P. prepares to copy mRNA. Elongation has RNA P. break free of the TFs, a protective ‘5 cap is added to RNA, RNA P copies DNA and proteins splice out introns. Termination occurs at polyadenylation and adds a PolyA tail. The longer the tail the more proteins.

Question 11

What happens during alternative splicing?

Answer 11

Different exon combinations and different RNA sequences are used, mixing and matching to make new strands.