4.3- Pediatrics/Cerebral Palsy Flashcards
What disease is not a single disease but is a disorder of posture and movement that occurs due to damage to the immature brain before, during, or after death?
Cerebral Palsy
What is Static Encephalopathy?
unchanging damage to brain structure or function
- while often present at birth, signs & symptoms often do not become apparent until later in development
- as the child should be able to do more they are unable to- but not a progressive problem
Cerebral Palsy is characterized by…
1.
2.
3.
- delayed motor development
- decreased functional ability
- impaired muscle tone & functional movement patterns
What is Severe CP vs. Spastic CP?
Severe- often seen at birth; “floppy baby”
- hypotonic, problems with feeding (poor coordination and sucking)
Spastic- recognized at 6-9 months when child can’t turn over or sit up
What are 4 different ways CP is classified?
- according to when injury occurred
- distribution of involvement- body parts affected
- tone
- IQ
What are the 2 types of CP that are classified according to when the injury occurred?
- Acquired
2. Congenital
_____ - occurs after birth up to age 3
Also called _____
May be due to…
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Acquired
also called postnatal
- anoxia
- trauma
- infection
- CVA
- brain tumor
_____ - occurs before or during birth
_____ - occurs before birth
_____ - occurs during labor and/or delivery
congenital- before or during birth
prenatal- before birth
perinatal- during labor and/or delivery
What type of CP is the largest percentage of CP kids?
congenital- prenatal
What is the most common cause of congenital-prenatal CP?
What are 2 possible reasons for this to happen?
anoxia
- toxemia- increased mother BP, baby doesn’t receive proper blood flow
- placental abnormalities- may detach stopping blood flow
What are 5 causes of congenital-prenatal CP?
- anoxia
- RH incompatibility
- maternal infections
- metabolic factors
- brain malformations
What are 3 causes of congenital- perinatal CP?
- anoxia
- trauma
- prematurity and low birth weight (<37 weeks have increased risk)
What are 3 causes of anoxia in congenital-perinatal CP?
- premature separation of placenta
- prolapse of umbilicus
- breech birth
What are 3 CPs classified by distribution of involvement- body parts affected?
- Quadriplegic CP
- Spastic Diplegia
- Hemiplegia
_____ - entire body- UE, trunk, and neck is more involved than the LE’s
Quadriplegic CP
_____ - bilateral LE’s and trunk
Spastic Diplegia
_____ - one side involved
Hemiplegia
Quadriplegic CP, Spastic Diplegia, or Hemiplegia?
- Spastic 75% of cases
- Milder IQ deficits
- Significant MR
- Common with premature births
- bilateral brain damage
- usually occurs prenatally, involves bilateral sides of the brain
- Quadriplegic CP
- Spastic Diplegia and Hemiplegia
- Quad CP
- Spastic Diplegia
- Spastic Diplegia
- Quadriplegic CP
What are the 4 CPs classified by tone?
- Atonic CP
- Athatoid CP
- Spastic CP
- Ataxic CP
________ = hypotonic, difficulty developing mature breathing patterns, hyperactive DTR, (b/c it is an upper motor neuron lesion), very poor head and neck control
Atonic CP
________ = significant involuntary movement (slow and writhing); Milder MR
Athatoid CP
________ = hypertonic with increased resistance to passive movement; especially affects antigravity muscles
Spastic CP
________ = trunk & LE’s usually affected- cerebellum affected; poor balance & coordination with jerky movements and wide based gait; fine tremors that do not usually interfere with development
Ataxic CP
_____ - “floppy baby”
_____ - significant fluctuations in tone
_____ - loss of coordination
_____ - most common CP (75%)
Atonic CP- “floppy baby”
Athatoid CP- fluctuations in tone
Ataxic CP- loss of coordination
Spastic CP- most common CP (75%)
