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Neuro > 4.3- Pediatrics/Cerebral Palsy > Flashcards

4.3- Pediatrics/Cerebral Palsy Flashcards

1
Q

What disease is not a single disease but is a disorder of posture and movement that occurs due to damage to the immature brain before, during, or after death?

A

Cerebral Palsy

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2
Q

What is Static Encephalopathy?

A

unchanging damage to brain structure or function

  • while often present at birth, signs & symptoms often do not become apparent until later in development
  • as the child should be able to do more they are unable to- but not a progressive problem
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3
Q

Cerebral Palsy is characterized by…
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. delayed motor development
  2. decreased functional ability
  3. impaired muscle tone & functional movement patterns
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4
Q

What is Severe CP vs. Spastic CP?

A

Severe- often seen at birth; “floppy baby”
- hypotonic, problems with feeding (poor coordination and sucking)

Spastic- recognized at 6-9 months when child can’t turn over or sit up

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5
Q

What are 4 different ways CP is classified?

A
  1. according to when injury occurred
  2. distribution of involvement- body parts affected
  3. tone
  4. IQ
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6
Q

What are the 2 types of CP that are classified according to when the injury occurred?

A
  1. Acquired

2. Congenital

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7
Q

_____ - occurs after birth up to age 3
Also called _____

May be due to…

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A

Acquired

also called postnatal

  1. anoxia
  2. trauma
  3. infection
  4. CVA
  5. brain tumor
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8
Q

_____ - occurs before or during birth
_____ - occurs before birth
_____ - occurs during labor and/or delivery

A

congenital- before or during birth

prenatal- before birth

perinatal- during labor and/or delivery

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9
Q

What type of CP is the largest percentage of CP kids?

A

congenital- prenatal

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10
Q

What is the most common cause of congenital-prenatal CP?

What are 2 possible reasons for this to happen?

A

anoxia

  1. toxemia- increased mother BP, baby doesn’t receive proper blood flow
  2. placental abnormalities- may detach stopping blood flow
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11
Q

What are 5 causes of congenital-prenatal CP?

A
  1. anoxia
  2. RH incompatibility
  3. maternal infections
  4. metabolic factors
  5. brain malformations
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12
Q

What are 3 causes of congenital- perinatal CP?

A
  1. anoxia
  2. trauma
  3. prematurity and low birth weight (<37 weeks have increased risk)
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13
Q

What are 3 causes of anoxia in congenital-perinatal CP?

A
  1. premature separation of placenta
  2. prolapse of umbilicus
  3. breech birth
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14
Q

What are 3 CPs classified by distribution of involvement- body parts affected?

A
  1. Quadriplegic CP
  2. Spastic Diplegia
  3. Hemiplegia
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15
Q

_____ - entire body- UE, trunk, and neck is more involved than the LE’s

A

Quadriplegic CP

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16
Q

_____ - bilateral LE’s and trunk

A

Spastic Diplegia

17
Q

_____ - one side involved

A

Hemiplegia

18
Q

Quadriplegic CP, Spastic Diplegia, or Hemiplegia?

  1. Spastic 75% of cases
  2. Milder IQ deficits
  3. Significant MR
  4. Common with premature births
  5. bilateral brain damage
  6. usually occurs prenatally, involves bilateral sides of the brain
A
  1. Quadriplegic CP
  2. Spastic Diplegia and Hemiplegia
  3. Quad CP
  4. Spastic Diplegia
  5. Spastic Diplegia
  6. Quadriplegic CP
19
Q

What are the 4 CPs classified by tone?

A
  1. Atonic CP
  2. Athatoid CP
  3. Spastic CP
  4. Ataxic CP
20
Q

________ = hypotonic, difficulty developing mature breathing patterns, hyperactive DTR, (b/c it is an upper motor neuron lesion), very poor head and neck control

A

Atonic CP

21
Q

________ = significant involuntary movement (slow and writhing); Milder MR

A

Athatoid CP

22
Q

________ = hypertonic with increased resistance to passive movement; especially affects antigravity muscles

A

Spastic CP

23
Q

________ = trunk & LE’s usually affected- cerebellum affected; poor balance & coordination with jerky movements and wide based gait; fine tremors that do not usually interfere with development

A

Ataxic CP

24
Q

_____ - “floppy baby”
_____ - significant fluctuations in tone
_____ - loss of coordination
_____ - most common CP (75%)

A

Atonic CP- “floppy baby”
Athatoid CP- fluctuations in tone
Ataxic CP- loss of coordination
Spastic CP- most common CP (75%)

25
Q

CP can be classified by IQ but is difficult to test IQ due to ____ and ____ problems.

Mild = IQ \_\_\_\_
Moderate = IQ \_\_\_\_
Severe = IQ \_\_\_\_
Profound = IQ \_\_\_\_
A

motor and communication problems

Mild = IQ 55-70
Moderate = IQ 40-55
Severe = IQ 25-40
Profound = IQ less than 25
26
Q

What are the 7 signs and symptoms of CP?

A
  1. Retardation
  2. Seizures
  3. Speech & language deficits
  4. Visual deficits
  5. Hearing loss
  6. Dental problems
  7. Breathing deficits
27
Q
  1. Retardation - ____%
  2. Seizures - ____%
  3. Hearing Loss
  4. Speech & Language Deficits- ___%
  5. Dental Problems - ___%
  6. Visual Deficits - ____%
  7. Breathing Deficits
A
  1. Retardation - 50-95%
  2. Seizures - 50%
  3. Hearing Loss
  4. Speech & Language Deficits- 80%
  5. Dental Problems - 100%
  6. Visual Deficits - 40%
  7. Breathing Deficits
28
Q

Speech & Language Deficits

  1. often poor _______ at birth
  2. may be a carryover from _____
A
  1. swallowing/sucking reflex

2. feeding problems/low tone

29
Q

Visual Deficits

  1. eyes tend to ___ or ___ due to _____ deficits
  2. may have ____ deficits or difficulty developing ____ control due to vision deficits
A
  1. eyes tend to cross or diverge due to motor control deficits
  2. may have balance deficits or difficulty developing head/neck control due to vision deficits
30
Q

Dental Problems

  1. _______ due to high tone
  2. not good with ____ and ____ due to high tone
A
  1. grinding teeth due to high tone

2. not good with chewing and swallowing due to high tone

31
Q

Breathing Deficits

  1. may be due to ______
  2. must rely on abs to breath at first- diaphragm does not develop until we _____ during normal development
A
  1. low or high tone

2. sit/stand

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