Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > 3.4- TBI > Flashcards

3.4- TBI Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of TBI are mild?

What percentage are severe?

TBIs affect what population the most?

A

mild- 80%

severe- 42% of 20% that aren’t mild

Men>Women 2:1
15-24 year olds, but high incidents with infants, children, and elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 most common causes of TBI?

A 
MVA
Car/pedestrian accidents
Falls
Assaults/Crime
Sports/Recreation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 3 factors influence the outcome of TBI?

What are the 2 types/classifications of TBI?

A
  1. Amount of immediate danger
  2. Cumulative effects of secondary damage
  3. Premorbid status/family support
  4. Open injury
  5. Closed or Intercranial Injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an open injury?

What is a closed or intercranial injury?

A

penetrating wounds (gunshots, stabbings)

neural tissue is damaged w/o penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Because damage follows path of entry and exit with an open injury, _____ can complicate and effect the CNS.

A

infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 types of closed or intercranial injury?

A
  1. Concussion
  2. Contusion
  3. Hematoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a concussion?

A

momentary loss of consciousness/reflexes

no direct structural damage to brain tissue, but synapses are disrupted due to shearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two types of amnesia? How are they different?

A
  1. Retrograde amnesia- loss of memory prior to injury

2. Post traumatic amnesia- unable to remember or learn new information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a contusion?

What are the 2 types of lesions?

A

bruising of surface of the brain at impact

  1. Coup lesion
  2. Countercoup lesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____ lesion occurs on the same side as impact.

A

Coup lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_____ occurs on the opposite side as trauma due to deceleration.

  • ______ lobes most commonly affected
  • shearing force causes axons to become disrupted within the sheath
A

Countercoup lesion

Frontal and parietal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Coup lesion occurs on same side as _____.

Countercoup lesion occurs opposite side as trauma due to ______.

A

impact

deceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a hematoma?

What are the 2 types of hematomas?

A

vascular hemorrhage

  1. Epidural hematoma
  2. Subdural hematoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of hematoma forms between the dura mater and skull due to a ruptured artery?

It is commonly due to ________.

A

epidural hematoma

blow to hear or MVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Subdural hematoma forms between the dura and arachnoid due to _______.

What type of hematoma happens quickly?

A

rupture of a vein

epidural hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of hematoma???

  1. due to a ruptured artery
  2. often seen in elderly after fall w/ blow to head
  3. symptoms fluctuate & can resemble CVA
  4. immediate surgery is required
A
  1. epidural hematoma
  2. subdural hematoma
  3. subdural hematoma
  4. epidural hematoma
17
Q

What symptoms will an EMT see with an epidural hematoma?

A

initially patient is unconscious, becomes alert, and then rapidly deteriorates as the hematoma enlarges

18
Q

What symptoms will an EMT see with a subdural hematoma?

A

symptoms fluctuate and can resemble CVA- decreased consciousness, pupil dilation same side, hemiparesis opposite side

19
Q

What may occur within an hour or up to several months after TBI (normally 1st week)?

A

secondary cerebral damage

20
Q

Secondary problems after a TBI can cause what 3 problems?

What problem is the most common?

A
  1. increased intercranial pressure- common- as much as 80% of patients in a coma
  2. anoxic injury
  3. post traumatic epilepsy
21
Q

Define:

Increased intercranial pressure

*Usually 1st week, but must watch closely b/c it can occur up to 1 month later.

A

adult skull cannot expand- can’t accommodate increase in fluid due to edema or hemorrhage

increased pressure can compress brain tissue and cause herniation

22
Q

________ - brain tissue requires 20% of body’s O2- if not adequate can cause diffuse damage

A

anoxic injury

23
Q

TBI patients have an increased risk for developing _____- about 5%. They may develop _____ after injury. They are more common with open head injury.

A

seizures

several years

24
Q

What are the 6 symptoms of increased cranial pressure?

What is the treatment for increased intercranial pressure?

A
  1. decreased responsiveness
  2. loss of consciousness
  3. severe headache
  4. vomiting
  5. papilledema- edema of optic disc
  6. change in vital signs- increased BP, decreased HR

Rx: monitoring/drugs, shunt if necessary

25
Q

What are the 2 types of seizures/post traumatic epilepsy?

How are seizures treated?

A
  1. absence seizures (was petit mal)
  2. tonic-clonic (was grand mal)

Treated with meds- dilantin

26
Q

Which type of seizure is a loss of consciousness with convulsions?

A

Tonic-Clonic (was Grand mal)

27
Q

Which type of seizure is usually in children, only momentary loss of consciousness with blank empty stare?

A

Absence Seizures (was Petit mal)

28
Q

What scale is used to determine level of arousal and cerebral function- very good predictor of outcome?

A

Glasgow Coma Scale

29
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale-
higher score = _________
Score of 3-4 = _________
Score of 8 or less = _______

A

higher scale= less severe damage w/ better chance of survival

3-4= often don’t survive

8 or less= in coma/severe TBI (most have permanent deficits)

30
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale-
Score of 9-12 = ________
Deficits may be _________.
Score of 13 or higher with loss of consciousness less than 20 min = _____

A

9-12= moderate TBI

Deficits may be…

  • unable to answer questions
  • may have permanent deficits

13 or higher= mild TBI
*awake upon arrival at ER

Neuro (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions