3.1- Spinal Cord Injury Flashcards
SCI Stats:
- ____ new cases/year with 200,000 living in US
- Most likely ages ___ but adults 61+ make up 10% of population (falls)
- ____% male
- What is the most common cause?
- 10,000
- 16-30
- 82%
- MVA 33%, Violence 27%, Falls 21%, Sports 6%
Total of ___ pairs of spinal nerves:
\_\_\_ cervical \_\_\_ thoracic \_\_\_ lumbar \_\_\_ sacral \_\_\_ coccyx
31 pairs: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccyx
First cervical spinal nerve has only ____ roots - ____ but no ___ components.
Sensory of face and head is supplied by _____ nerve instead.
ventral roots- motor but no sensory
trigeminal nerve
8 cervical spinal nerves- pair 1-7 exit ___ the cervical vertebrae of the same number while C8 exits ______
*All remaining spinal nerves exit ___ their vertebrae to ____
1-7 exit above
C8 exits below C7 and above T1
remaining spinal nerves exit below their vertebrae to T12
The SC ends at the ____ disc- after birth the spinal column grows while the cord does not.
L1-L2 disc
In the upper cervical region the nerves exit _______.
By the end of the cervical spine the nerve has to drop _____ before it exits.
Thoracic nerve roots must drop ___ level; difference is so great at the lumbar level that it must drop ___ levels.
upper cervical = at the level of the vertebrae
end of cervical spine = drop 1 level
thoracic roots = drop 1 level
lumbar level = must drop 2 levels
Naming an injury:
named according to the _______ (as demonstrated by muscle function that remains), not level of bony damage
the last spinal nerve left intact
Naming an injury:
Because the nerve root drops before it exits, the person will generally have function ____ than the level that the actual bony injury occurred.
lower
Naming an injury:
Damage from _____ generally affects the ______, not the spinal cord
L1 and down generally affects the cauda equina
_______ - caudal most segment with intact sensory and motor function
- intact muscle function is determined by having at least a Fair MMT if others above are Good to Normal
- key muscles used for testing are the ones most used functionally
Neurologic level of injury
What is determined by testing key myotomes and dermatomes?
Neurologic level of injury
Naming an injury:
Because a muscle can be innervated by ______ and neurologic damage is generally _____, some function is likely below the level of damage.
innervated by more than 1 level and neurologic damage is generally not complete
What is:
Quadriplegia or Tetraplegia?
Paraplegia?
Cauda Equina lesion?
Quad or Tetra = cervical injury that affects all 4 limbs
Para = thoracic injury involving lower limbs
Cauda Equina lesion = L1 and below
The SC is thicker in an area of more _______ function. Why?
motor function b/c of the large number of motor neurons
C1, C2; Lots of rotation = _____
C5-C7 make up the ______ a.k.a. the ________
T12-L2 make up the _____ a.k.a. the ________
C1, C2 = instability
C5-C7 = Brachial plexus, a.k.a. the cervical enlargement
T12-L2 = lumbar plexus, aka the lumbar enlargement
