4.2 Factors Effecting Enzyme Action Flashcards
What happens if you increase the temperature of a reaction
Kinetic energy of particles increases
Therefore collide more frequently
More frequent successful collisions
Increase rate of reaction
What is the temperature coefficient
Q10 of a reaction
Measure of how much the rate of a reaction increases with a 10*c rise in temperature
What is the temp coefficient for most enzyme controllers reactions
2
Meaning the rate doubles with a 10*c temp rise
What happens to the enzymes as they increase in Temp
Bonds holding proteins together vibrate more until bonds strain and break
This results in change in tertiary structure of protein and enzyme will change shape and become denatured
What happens when an enzyme is denatured
Active site changes shape and no longer a complementary shape to substrate
Can’t catalase
What is the op temp of thermophilic bacteria
And psychrophilic organisms
70*c
Below 5*c
What are enzymes like that have adapted to the cold
More flexible structures like at the active site
Makes them less stable than enzymes at high temps so small temp changes will denature them
What organisms are adapted to love at high temps
Thermophiles
What are teh enzymes like that are adapted for high temps
More stable as having increased num of bonds like hydrogen bonds and sulfur bridges
More resisent to change of temps
What does a change in pH mean
A change in hydrogen ion concentration
More are present in low pH environments
What happens when the pH of an enzyme changes sloghtly from the optimum
And what happens if pH returns to optimum
What process is this called
Structure of enzyme and active site is altered
If return to optimum protein will resume normal shape and catalyse reaction again in
Renaturation
What happens if pH changes beyond a certain pH
Enzyme is irreversibly altered and active is no longer complementary and now denatured
What does change in hydrogen ions do to hydrogen interactions
Changes there degree of interactions with polar and charged r-groups
The less hydrogen ions present the more r-groups can interact with each other
So shape of enzyme will change
What does increase in comcentrationmean
Num of subtrate molecules atoms or ions in a volume will increase and thus leads to higher collision rate so ror increases
What does increase in enzyme mean h
Increase in number of available active sites in a volume
