4.1 Enzyme Action Flashcards
What type of protein are enzymes and what do they do
Globular proteins that interact with substrate molecules causing them to react at a much faster rate
What are teh chemical reactions required for growth called
Anabolic reactions
Catalysed by enzymes
What are reactions called where breaking down occurs
Catabolic reactions
What reactions are catalysed by enzymes
Catabolic
Anabolic
Digestion
What is metabolism
The sum of all the different reactions and reaction pathways happening in a cell or an organism
How much can enzymes increase teh rate of a reaction
Up to the Vmax which is the maximum rate of the enzyme catalysed reaction
What is activation energy and what do enzymes do to this to work
The amount of energy needed to start a reaction
Enzymes lower the activation energy
What is the active site
Area within tertiary structure of enzyme that has a complementary shape to a specific substrate molecule
What is teh lock and key hypothesis
A substrate will bind to its specific active site and form a enzyme-substrate complex
Substrate reacts and a enzyme-product complex is formed
Products the released
What happens to the substrate when it’s held in the enzyme
The right atom groups in the enzyme are close enough to react - the r-groups will interact with the substrate forming temporary bonds puting statin on the bonds
What is the induced-fit hypothesis
The active site of enzyme changes shape as teh substrate enters
The initial interactions between enzyme and substrate is weak but the interactions rapidly induce changes in the enzymes tertiary structure to strengthen binding
What enzymes act within cells
Intracellular enzymes
What are extracellular enzymes and what’s one of their main jobs
Work outside the cell that made them
They break down large nutrient molecules into smaller ones in the process of digestion
They make use polymers for nutrition
Example of an intracellular enzyme and extra cellular enzyme
Intracellular = catalase Extracellular = amylase and trypsin
What enzymes are involved in the first part of starch digestion and how are they formed and what do they do
Amylase produced in the salivary glands and pancreas
It’s released in the saliva into the mouth and it helps break down starch into maltose
