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Biology module 2 > 2.4Eukaryotic Cell Structure > Flashcards

2.4Eukaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the smallest molecule out of water , glucose molecule, protein and ribosome

A

Water
Glucose molecule
Protein
Ribosome

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2
Q

What’s the cytoplasm composed of in a prokaryote cell

A

Cytosol made of water salts and organic molecules

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3
Q

What does the dna in nucleus control

A

The metabolic activities of the cell and the synthesis of proteins

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4
Q

What are nuclear pores

A

They are contained within the nuclear envelope which dna is also contained within
Nuclear pores allow molecules to move into and out of the nucleus

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5
Q

What is the nucleolus and what’s it composed of

A

Area within nucleus and responsible for producing ribosomes

Composed of proteins and RNA

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6
Q

What are mitochondria

A

Site of the final stage of cellular respiration
Where the energy stored is made available for the cell to use
Number of mitochondria is reflected by how much energy the cell uses

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7
Q

What is the structure of a mitochondria

A

It has a double membrane
Inner membrane is highly folded to form Cristae - here enzymes used in respiration is contained
The fluid interior is called the matrix

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8
Q

What are vesicles and what’s there structure

A

Membranous sacs that have storage and transport roles to cells
Consists of a single membrane with fluid inside

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9
Q

What are lysosomes

A

Specialised forms of vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes
Responsible for breaking down waste material in cells
Important role in immune system as they break down pathogens ingested by phagocytic cells

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10
Q

What are the components of the cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate fibres
Centrioles

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11
Q

What are microfilaments

A

Contractile fibres grimes from the protein actin

Responsible for cell movement and contraction during cytokinesis

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12
Q

What is cytokinesis

A

Process in which cytoplasm of a single E cell is divided to form 2 daughter cells

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13
Q

What are microtubules

A

They are scaffold like structures that determine the shape of the cell they are like this due to globular Tubulidentata proteins polymerising

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14
Q

What are composed in microtubules

A

Spindle fibres

These have a role in physical segregation of chromosomes in cell division

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15
Q

What are intermediate fibres

A

Give mechanical strength to cells and help maintain their inegrity

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16
Q

What are centrioles

A

Composed of microtubules

2 of them form a centrosome which is involved in the organisation of spindle fibres

17
Q

What are flagella and cilia

A

They are extensions that provide from some cell types
Flagella are longer
There are more cilia
They contain 2 central microtubules surrounded by 9 pairs of microtubules
(9+2 arrangement)

18
Q

What is the role of cilia

Stationary and mobile

A

Stationary cilia = present on surface of cells - important in sensory organs
Mobile cilia = best in rhythmic manner and causing a current making fluids move

19
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Network of membranes enclosing flattened sacs called cisternae
Connected to outer membrane of nucleus

20
Q

What is the smooth ER

A

Responsible for lipid and carb synthesis and storage

21
Q

What is the rough ER

A

Has ribosomes bound to the surface

Responsible for synthesis and transport of proteins

22
Q

What are ribosomes

A

Constructed of RNA molecules

They are the site of protein systhesis

23
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus

A

Compact structure formed of cisternae
Doesn’t contain ribosomes
It’s modifies proteins and packages then into either secretory vesicles (leAve the cell) or lysosomes

24
Q

What are the steps in protein production

A
  1. Synthesised on the ribosomes bound to the ER
  2. Pass into cisternae and are packaged into transport vesicles
  3. These vesicles move towards Golgi apparatus via transport function of cytoskeleton
  4. Vesicles dude with cis face of Golgi apparatus and proteins enter
    Proteins are structurally modified by trans face in Golgi apparatus before leaving
  5. Secretory vesicles carry the proteins to leave cells

Biology module 2 (28 decks)

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