4.11.1 Par-Q

Question 1

A screening tool used to evaluate the benefits and the risks associated with starting any type of exercise that is strenuous in nature.

Answer 1

Health risk assessment (HRA)

Question 2

A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.

Answer 2

deconditioned

Question 3

An exercise training method defined by intervals of near-maximal intensity broken up by relatively short rest periods.

Answer 3

HIIT

Question 4

The state of having a disease.

Answer 4

morbidity

Question 5

A state or a risk of death or dying.

Answer 5

mortality

Question 6

A specific situation where a medication, procedure, or exercise should be avoided because it may prove to be harmful to the individual.

Answer 6

contraindications

Question 7

A detailed questionnaire designed to assess an individual’s physical readiness to engage in structured exercise.

Answer 7

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q+)

Question 8

The PAR-Q+ and preparticipation process reflects these health indicators:

Answer 8

1. An individual’s current level of physical activity
2. Presence of signs or symptoms and/or known cardiovascular, pulmonary (respiratory), renal (kidney), or metabolic disease (e.g., diabetes)
3. Desired exercise intensity (light, moderate, vigorous)

Question 9

A screening where the results of the health risk assessment might indicate a need for medical clearance, when one is in fact not needed.

Answer 9

false positive screening

Question 10

A questionnaire with lists of questions that pertain to health history and habits, such as exercise history, eating behaviors, and general lifestyle.

Answer 10

Health history questionnaire (HHQ)

Question 11

The measurement that determines the overall dimension (girth) of a body segment, which can be used to estimate body composition or the prevalence of obesity.

Answer 11

circumference measurement

Question 12

The measurement of a person’s weight relative to his or her height, which is used to estimate the risks of obesity.

Answer 12

Body mass index BMI

Question 13

The field of study of the measurement of living humans for purposes of understanding human physical variation in size, weight, and proportion.

Answer 13

Anthropometry

Question 14

BMI Formulas

Answer 14

Metric formula: BMI = weight (kg) ÷ [height (m)]2

Imperial formula: BMI = 703 × weight (lb) ÷ [height (in.)]2

Question 15

A measurement that represents the narrowest circumference taken around the midline of the body at the approximate height of the umbilicus (belly button).

Answer 15

waist circumference

Question 16

The relative score expressing the ratio of the waist circumference to the hip circumference, which correlates to the risk for developing cardiovascular disease.

Answer 16

Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)

WHR = Waist Measurement ÷ Hip Measurement

Question 17

The area where the fold of the buttocks joins the back of the thigh.

Answer 17

gluteal fold

Question 18

A technique used to estimate body fat in which calipers are used to pinch the skin in certain areas of the body.

Answer 18

skinfold measurements

Question 19

Measures the thickness of skinfolds at seven different places within the body to estimate body fat percentage.

same for men and women Chest, mid-axillary, subscapular, triceps, abdomen, suprailiac, thigh

Answer 19

Jackson and Pollock 7-Site protocol

Question 20

Measures the thickness of skinfolds at three different places within the body to estimate body fat percentage.

different for men and women

men: Chest, abdomen, thigh
women: Triceps, suprailiac, thigh

Answer 20

Jackson and Pollock 3-Site protocol

Question 21

Measures the thickness of skinfolds at four different places (biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac) within the body to estimate body fat percentage.

same for men and women

final % determined by finding on table

Answer 21

Four-site Durnin– Womersley protocol

Question 22

A body composition assessment technique that estimates body fat percentage by measuring the resistance to the flow of electrical currents introduced into the body.

better to use on obese clients

Answer 22

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)