4.1 Urbanisation (Paper 2)

Question 1

<p>What is <b>Urbanisation</b>?</p>

Answer 1

<p>The rise in the percentage of people living in urban areas (towns and cities), in comparison with rural areas</p>

Question 2

<p>What are the reasons for urbanisation?</p>

Answer 2

<ul><li>Natural Increase</li><li>Migration</li></ul>

Question 3

<p>What is a <b>natural increase</b> in population?</p>

Answer 3

<p>A natural increase is when birth rates are higher than death rates</p>

Question 4

<p>Why do people migrate from rural to urban areas?</p>

Answer 4

<p>The movement of people is driven by the factors that push them away from the countryside <i>(lack of employment and lower wages)</i> and the factors that pull them to the towns and cities <i>(increased job opportunities, improved services)</i></p>

Question 5

<p>What are the effects of rapid urbanisation on Developing and Emerging countries?</p>

Answer 5

<p>The rapid urbanisation of cities in developing countries have led to the creation of shantytowns on the city outskirts</p>

<p>Also, there is a strain on healthcare resources and an uneven access of education</p>

Question 6

<p>What is <b>de-urbanisation</b>?</p>

Answer 6

<p>De-urbanisation is a process that happens in developed countries, where people move back to the countryside</p>

Question 7

<p>Why isn't there a large number of people migrating to cities in developed countries?</p>

Answer 7

<p>In Devoped countries, the majority of the poulation already live in urban areas. For example, 83.5% of the UK's population live in urban areas</p>

Question 8

<p>What are the factors that caused urbanisation in the UK?</p>

Answer 8

<ul><li>Industrial Revolution</li><li>Land Relief</li></ul>

Question 9

<p>How did the Industrial Revolution cause urbanisation?</p>

Answer 9

<p>The Industrial Revolution occured in the 18-19th Century</p>

<p>Many of the UK's major cities were near the sites of industry eg. coal mining</p>

Question 10

<p>How does physical relief affect where urbanisation occurs in the UK?</p>

Answer 10

<p>In steeper lands such as Northern Scotland, it is hard for to develop infrastructure required for settlements to grow</p>

<p>In the South-East, the land is flatter which is more sustainable for larger settlements</p>

Question 11

<p>What are <b>Conurbations</b>?</p>

Answer 11

<p>Conurbations are urban areas that are formed by the merging of towns</p>

Question 12

<p>What is <b>Suburbanisation</b>?</p>

Answer 12

<p>Suburbanisation is the migration of people form an urban area to the suburbs</p>

Question 13

<p>What is <b>counter-urbanisation</b>?</p>

Answer 13

<p>Counter-Urbanisation is the movement of people form urban to rural areas</p>

Question 14

<p>Define<strong>urbanisation</strong></p>

Answer 14

<p>The rise in the percentage of people living in urban areas (towns and cities), in comparison with rural areas</p>

Question 15

<p>Describe the<strong>global</strong>pattern of<strong>urban change</strong></p>

Answer 15

<ul>
<li>Rates of urbansiation different depending on whether the country is rich or poor</li>
<li>The most rapid urban growth is happening in LICs</li>
<li>The lowest rates of urban growth is in HICs</li>
<li>The rate of urban growth in NEEs is starting to slow</li>
</ul>

Question 16

<p>Which<strong>continent</strong>has the highest rate of urbanisation?</p>

Answer 16

<p>Africa</p>

Question 17

<p>What<strong>two</strong>factors affect the<strong>rate</strong>of urbanisation?</p>

Answer 17

<ol>
<li>Rural-urban migration</li>
<li>Natural increase</li>
</ol>

Question 18

<p>Define<strong>naturalincrease</strong></p>

Answer 18

<p>Naural Increase is when the<strong>birth rate</strong>in a country is<strong>greater</strong>than the<strong>death rate</strong></p>

Question 19

<p>Define<strong>migration</strong></p>

Answer 19

<p>The movement of population from one area to another. Some migrations are forced, voluntary, permanent and temporary, International and regional</p>

Question 20

<p>How is<strong>natural increase</strong>calculated?</p>

Answer 20

<p>Birth Rate - Death Rate/100 (to express as a percentage)</p>

Question 21

<p>Define<strong>rural to urban migration</strong></p>

Answer 21

<p>The movement of people from rural to urban areas due to rural push and urban pull factors</p>

Question 22

<p>What are the pushfactors for migration?</p>

Answer 22

<ul>
	<li>Natural Disasters (Drought / flooding)</li>
	<li>Lack of services</li>
	<li>Few opportunities</li>
	<li>Low pay</li>
	<li>Poverty</li>
</ul>

Question 23

<p>What are the<strong>pull</strong>factors for migration?</p>

Answer 23

<ul>
	<li>Better quality of life</li>
	<li>Better access to services (e.g. education, health and entertainment)</li>
	<li>Better quality houses</li>
	<li>Increased pay</li>
	<li>Improved opportunities</li>
</ul>

Question 24

<p>What is a<strong>megacity</strong>?</p>

Answer 24

<p>A city with a population of 10 million people or more</p>

Question 25

<p>Name three<strong>megacities</strong></p>

Answer 25

<p>Any three from:</p>

<p>Los Angeles, Mexico City, New York, Buenos Aires, Sao Paulo, Lagos, Karachi, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Dhaka, Jakarta, Metro Manila, Shanghai, Osaka, Tokyo</p>

Question 26

<p>Which<strong>two</strong>population factors combine to produce megacities?</p>

Answer 26

<p>Migration + Natural Increase</p>

Question 27

<p>Which<strong>continent</strong>has the largest number of megacities?</p>

Answer 27

<p>Asia</p>