1.2 UK Physical Landscapes (Paper 1) Flashcards
<p>How are <b>Metamorphic</b> rocks formed?</p>
<p>Metamorphic rocks are formed when heat and pressure cause other rocks to change. This results in the rock becoming harder and more compact</p>
<p>What are some examples of rocks metamorphing?</p>
<ul><li>Shale becomes slate when exposed to heat and pressure</li><li>Slate becomes schist when exposed to more heat and pressure</li></ul>
<p>Where are Metamorphic rocks found in the UK?</p>
<p>Metamorphic rocks are found in large bands across Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales</p>
<p>How are <b>Sedimentary</b> rocks formed?</p>
<p>Sedimentary rocks are formed when layers of sediment are compacted over time</p>
<p>What are some examples of sedimentary rocks?</p>
<ul><li>Carboniferous limestone is a fairly hard rock formed from shells and skeletons of dead marine organisms</li><li>Chalk is formed like carboniferous limestone but is softer</li><li>Clay is a very soft rock made from mud and clay minerals</li></ul>
<p>Where is Sedimentary rock found in the UK?</p>
<p>Chalk and clay are mainly found in the south-east of England with carboniferous limestone to the north and west.</p>
<p>How are <b>Igneous</b> rocks formed?</p>
<p>Igenous rocks are formed when magma from the Earth's mantle cools and hardens</p>
<p>Where are Igneous rocks found in the UK?</p>
<p>Igneous rocks are found mainly in Scotland, the North-East of England, in the Lake District and in Snowdonia (in Wales)</p>
<p>Where are the <b>Upland areas</b> found in the UK?</p>
<p>Most of the upland in the UK is located in Scotland (in the Scottish Highlands), the Lake District and the Pennines in the north and north-west of the UK</p>
<p>Where are the <b>Lowland areas</b> found in the UK?</p>
<p>Most of the UK's lowland in the UK is found in the South and East of the UK. Cities like Norwich are the largest towns in the East Anglia lowland area</p>
<p>What are the three types of weathering?</p>
<ul><li>Mechanical Weathering</li><li>Chemical Weathering</li><li>Biological Weathering</li></ul>
<p>What is <b>Erosion</b>?</p>
<p>Erosion is the wearing away of rocks as a result of being picked up and moved elsewhere</p>
<p>What is <b>Plucking</b>?</p>
<p>Plucking is when meltwater freezes a bit of rock surrounding the glacier and then rips of bits of rock when it moves</p>
<p>What is <b>Abrasion</b>?</p>
<p>Abrasion is when pieces of rock in the ice scrape against rock at the bottom of the glacier</p>
<p>What is <b>Freeze-thaw</b> weathering?</p>
<p>Water (e.g from rainfall or melting snow and ice) becomes trapped in a crack or joint in the rock.
If the air temperature drops below freezing, the water will freeze and expand putting pressure on the rock.
If this process happens repeatedly, the rock will weaken and eventually shatter into angular fragments
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