4.1 Classification of Skills Flashcards
What is a motor or movement skill?
An action or task that has a goal and that requires voluntary body and/or limb movement to achieve the goal and is learnt rather than being innate.
What are the three factors that affect motor skills?
- how precise the movement is.
- whether the movement has a definite beginning and end.
- whether the environment affects the performance of the skill.
What is a complex skill?
When there are many decisions having to be made and may have to be learnt in stages. If danger in involved, the skill is always complex.
What is a simple skill?
A straightforward skill with hardly any judgements and decisions having to be made. It can be taught as a whole and in a fairly repetitive way.
What is a sporting example of a complex skill?
A pass by a midfield player in hockey, who has to make lots of decisions before she passes.
What is a sporting example of a simple skill?
A sprint start in swimming, where there are very few decisions that have to be made.
What is an open skill?
They are affected by the environment and therefore are predominantly perceptual. Movements have to be adapted to the environment and the skill is mostly externally paced.
What is a closed skill?
They are not affected by the environment and predominantly habitual. Movements follow a set pattern and have a definite beginning and end. These skills tend to be self-paced.
What is a sporting example of an open skill?
A pass in football
What is a sporting example of a closed skill?
A free throw in basketball
What is a self-paced skill?
When the performer controls the rate at which the skill is executed and involved proaction by the performer. They are usually closed skills.
What is an externally paced skill?
When the environment, which may include your opponent, controls the rate of performing the skill. This type of skill involved a reaction and is usually an open skill.
What is a sporting example of a self-paced skill?
A javelin throw
What is a sporting example of an externally paced skill?
Receiving a serve in badminton
What is a gross skill?
It involves large muscle movements. They are not very precise and include many of the fundamental movement patterns, such as walking and jumping.
What is a fine skill?
It involves more intricate movements, using small muscle groups. These skills tend to be precise in nature and generally involve a high degree of hand-eye co-ordination.
What is a sporting example of a gross skill?
A sprint dive in swimming
What is a sporting example of a fine skill?
A throw in darts
What is a discrete skill?
They have a clear beginning and a clear end. The skill can be repeated but the performer must start again from the beginning. It is a single, specific skill.
What is a serial skill?
They are several discrete elements, which are put together to make an integrated movement or sequence of movements.
What is a continuous skill?
They have no obvious beginning or end - the end of one cycle of movement is the beginning of the next. The skill is repeated as a set pattern.
What is a sporting example of a discrete skill?
A penalty flick in hockey
What is a sporting example of a serial skill?
The sequence of skills in a triple jump
What is a sporting example of a continuous skill?
Cycling
What does it mean if a skill has high organisation?
When a skill has elements or sub-routines that are difficult to separate.
What does it mean if a skill has low organisation?
When a skill is split up into sub-routines that are easily identified as separate movements.
What is a sporting example of a skill that has high organisation?
Dribbling the ball in basketball
What is a sporting example of a skill that has low organisation?
A tennis serve
What are sub-routines?
The elements, or separate movements, that make up a particular skill.
What is attentional wastage?
The performer’s concentration can be misdirected to irrelevant cues. This can damage the effectiveness of their performance and will particularly affect the way a novice learns.
What is kinaesthetic sense?
The sense or physical feeling that we get of the movements we make. Proprioceptors or nerves in our muscles, ligaments and joints send messages to the brain that give us information about where we are and what we are doing.
