4 - the vertebral canal

Question 1

the vertebral canal extends

Answer 1

from the base of the skull, through the vertebral foraminae, to the sacral canal/coccyx

Question 2

dura mater

Answer 2

spinal dura forms a loose sheath around the spinal cord

continuation of cranial dura, though foramen magnum into the vertebral canal

Question 3

dura is attached to

Answer 3

1. firmly to circumference of foramen magnum
2. loosely to posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies of C2 and C3
3. loosely to the posterior longitudinal ligament
4. firmly to the dorsal surface of the coccyx

Question 4

epidural space

Answer 4

extra dural

outside of the dura but inside the vertebral canal

Question 5

epidural space contains

Answer 5

fat and the internal vertebral venous plexus

risk of injecting into veins: cause general anaesthetic, coma - death

Question 6

injections into the epidural space

Answer 6

allow medications to travel throghout this space

Question 7

arachnoid mater lines

Answer 7

the inside of the dura

Question 8

subdural space

Answer 8

a potential space only present if there is apthology

Question 9

leptomeninges

Answer 9

arachnoid and pia mata from nueral crest cells

Question 10

arachnoid and pia mata start as a

Answer 10

single memebrane

Question 11

arachnoid and pia mata seperate when

Answer 11

CSF is produced - is pumped between the two layers

creates a fluid fliied space

Question 12

the CSF between arachnoid and pia mata

Answer 12

a fluid filled psace - subarachnoid space

Question 13

arachnoid and pia mata are connected by

Answer 13

strands of tissue connecting to arachnoid and pia mata that remian after CSF seperates them

Question 14

strands of tissue connecting arachnoid and pia mata look like

Answer 14

spiders web - this is why it is called the arachnoid

Question 15

pia mata adheres to

Answer 15

spinal cord and nerve roots

Question 16

denticulate ligaments

Answer 16

lateral projection of pia
come off spinal cord between grouped nerve roots
peice the arachnoid - anchors to the inside of dural sleeves
stabilises the cord inside the vertebral canal

Question 17

how is the cord stabilised within the vertebral canal

Answer 17

lateral projections of pia mata peirce the arachnoid and anchor to the inside of dural sleeves

Question 18

last denticulate ligament

Answer 18

at T12

Question 19

the spinal cord ends at

Answer 19

L1-L2 - conus medullaris

Question 20

filum terminale

Answer 20

has a part inside and spinal canal and a part outside

(internal and external) - big ligament achoring the spinal cord

Question 21

subarachnoid space continues to

Answer 21

S1-S2 lumbar cistern

Question 22

lumbar cistern contains

Answer 22

contains CSF and cauda equina

Question 23

good place to access the CSF

Answer 23

lumbar puncture L3/4 L4/5

Question 24

below S1-S2 you will find

Answer 24

filum terminale externum and sacral nerve roots
still covered in all meningeal layers
still has epidural space (fat and veins)

Question 25

lumbar cistern shape

Answer 25

forms a cup - lowest place where CSF will sit because it is the end of the subarachnoid space

Question 26

meninges are replaced by

Answer 26

connective tissue that coats the peripheral nerves

Question 27

epineurium

Answer 27

around the nerve as a whole

Question 28

perineurium

Answer 28

around the nerve fasicles

Question 29

endoneurium

Answer 29

around the nerve fibres