3 - soft tissues of the vertebral column

Question 1

5 unisegmental vertebral ligaments

Answer 1

1. annulus fibrosus
2. ligamentum flavum (yellow ligament)
3. intertransverse ligament
4. interspinous ligament
5. Z-joint capsular ligaments

Question 2

all intrisnic back muscles are supplied by

Answer 2

the dorsal ramus of a mixed spinal nerve

Question 3

3 unisegmental muscles

Answer 3

1. intertransverse
2. interspinous
3. levator costarum

Question 4

intertransverse and interspinous muscles work mostly as

Answer 4

ligament reinforcers (anti-movers)

Question 5

3 subgroups of transversospinales group

Answer 5

1. rotatores
2. multifidus
3. semispinalis

Question 6

define tranversospinales group

Answer 6

connect between transverse process and the spinous process

Question 7

only place where all three types of transversopsinales groups are present

Answer 7

thoracic region

Question 8

rotatores

Answer 8

thoracic only, fibres almost horizontal
cross 1-2 segments
more about resisting rotational movement, not creating it

Question 9

multifidus

Answer 9

in all regions, but not soo important in thoracic
cross 2-4 segmentss
most pominent in the lumbar
more about resisting rotational movement, not creating it

Question 10

semispinalis

Answer 10

only found in upper half of the back (above T6)
cross 5-6 segments
thoracic, cervical, capitis components

Question 11

erector spinae group

Answer 11

longitudinal muscles, orignating as the sacrocpinalis tendon
each fibre spans 6 segments
where one fibre stops, another takes origin and continues up

Question 12

3 subgroups of erector spinae group

Answer 12

1. spinalis
2. longissimus
3. ilioconstalis

Question 13

where is spinalis

Answer 13

run up the spinous processes

Question 14

what does spinalis do

Answer 14

extension

Question 15

where is longissimus

Answer 15

has an extended tendon

attatches to transverse proccesses

Question 16

what does longissimus do

Answer 16

lateral flexion

Question 17

where is iliocostalise

Answer 17

attatched to angles of ribs

Question 18

what does iliocostalis do

Answer 18

lateral flexion (better at it)

Question 19

splenius is instrinsic because

Answer 19

it is supplied by dorsal rami

Question 20

bilareral movement of erector spinae group

Answer 20

causes extension

Question 21

unilateral movement of spinalis

Answer 21

mostly same as bilarteral movement

Question 22

unilateral movement of longissimus or iliocostalis

Answer 22

will cause lateral flexion - more so with iliocostalis because it is more lateral

Question 23

splenius looks like

Answer 23

bandage wrapping around the back of the neck

travels up and out

Question 24

thoracolumbar fascia dorsally covers

Answer 24

intrinsic post-vertebral muscles

posterior extrinsic muscles are outsite of it

Question 25

thoracolumbar fascia iss thin in the thoracic spine because

Answer 25

thin and a bit stretchy to accomodate breathing

Question 26

thoracolumbar fascia is tough in the lumbar region because

Answer 26

tough and strong especially in posterior layer

Question 27

3 layers of the thoracolumbar fascia in the lumbar region

Answer 27

anterior
middle
posterior

the 3 layers join laterally to give rise to the muscles of the abdominal wall

Question 28

extrinsic muscles are innnervated by

Answer 28

ventral rami

Question 29

posterior extrinsic muscles

Answer 29

serratus posterior superior

serratus posterior inferior

Question 30

anterior extrinsic muscles

Answer 30

psoas major
quadratus lumborum
longus cervicis colli
scalene muscles

Question 30

anterior extrinsic muscles

Answer 30

psoas major
quadratus lumborum
longus cervicis colli
scalene muscles