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REGUB > 4. Renal Histology and Physiology > Flashcards

4. Renal Histology and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of death in chronic kidney disease?

A

LV hypertrophy

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2
Q

What are the histological regions of the glomerulus?

A

Mesangial cells
Mesangial matrix
Endothelial cells
Epithelial cells

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3
Q

What are mesangial cells?

A

Extension of the smooth muscle from the afferent arteriole

Allow dilation and constriction

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4
Q

What is the mesangial matrix?

A

BM between mesangial cells

Negatively charged to repel albumin

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5
Q

Which cells have foot processes?

A

Parietal epithelial cells

Creates a slit diaphragm which is smallest level of filtration

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6
Q

What is the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus?

A

50-60mmHg

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7
Q

What is different about an inflammatory reaction inside the glomerulus vs in Bowman’s capsule?

A

On the endothelial surface there is a rapid WBC response; kidney receives 25% each heart beat
On epithelial side nothing is inside glomerulus; hydrostatic is too high for inflammatory mediators to come back in so not seen by WBCs

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8
Q

Which of the renal tubules is most susceptible to ischaemia and why?

A

Proximal as it has more mitochondria

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9
Q

Give some congenital abnormalities of the kidneys

A 
Potter syndrome
Unilateral agenesis
Horseshoe kidney
Hypoplasia
Ectopia
Dysplastic kidney
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10
Q

What is Potter syndrome?

A

Bilateral renal agenesis

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11
Q

What age do patients present with AD polycystic kidney disease?

A

30s to 50s

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12
Q

What chromosome is most associated with AD polycystic KD?

A

Chromosome 16

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13
Q

What do cysts in the kidneys increase the risk of?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

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14
Q

What chromosome is most associated with AR polycystic KD?

A

6

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15
Q

When does AR polycystic KD present?

A

Babies are usually stillborn

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16
Q

What is von Hippel Lindau syndrome?

A

AD
Cysts in kidneys, pancreas and epididymis
Haemangiomas in retina and CNS

17
Q

What chromosome is associated with von Hippel Lindau syndrome?

A

3

Next to gene for RCC so high risk

18
Q

What is the treatment for von Hippel Lindau syndrome?

A

Bilateral nephrectomy

19
Q

How are acquired cysts formed?

A

Vascular disease causes ischaemia and fibrosis, destroying tubules
Cysts filled with urine from destroyed tubules form

20
Q

What scoring system is used to score age related cysts?

A

Bosniak scoring system

21
Q

How do scarred kidneys cause anaemia?

A

Reduced epo production

REGUB (31 decks)

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